Abstract: An organic electroluminescence element having a thin film of organic compound containing at least a light-emitting layer interposed between an anode and a cathode is disclosed. This element is driven by utilizing the sheet resistance of the anode or the cathode in a manner such that the distribution of brightness or color in a single light-emitting plane is modulated with the elapse of time. For example, at least either of the anode and the cathode is furnished with not less than two connecting parts, voltages are applied severally to the connecting parts, and at least one of the factors, i.e. amplitude, frequency, phase, and offset of the voltage applied to each of the connecting parts is modulated. As a result, a completely novel organic electroluminescence element that is capable of causing the brightness and the color to be so modulated as to induce waving in a single light-emitting plane can be realized.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an organic thin film element that includes an organic thin film between a pair of thin film electrodes and at least one electrode being a transparent electrode includes forming a transparent electrode by spraying a material liquid containing a transparent electrode formation material on a base material, and forming an organic thin film on the transparent electrode. This method allows for the manufacture of the organic thin film element by which an organic thin film element with high light-extraction efficiency is simply provided. A method for manufacturing an electro-optic device and a method for manufacturing electronic equipment that utilize the method for manufacturing an organic thin film element are described.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an organic thin film element including an organic thin film between a pair of thin film electrodes with at least one transparent electrode includes forming the transparent electrode by atomizing a material liquid containing a transparent-electrode forming material onto a base material; and forming the organic thin film on the transparent electrode. The organic thin film element is capable of simply providing an organic thin film element having a long element life. A method of manufacturing an electro-optic device as well as a method of manufacturing electronic equipment by using the above method are described.

Abstract: Fullerene compounds such as C60 are dissolved into solvents such as toluene in concentration of 1.times.10-3 mol/L or more. When the solution is coagulated, fullerene associated bodies are formed. After the re-dissolution of the solution, the associated bodies are excited by laser beam, and the resultant is cluster compounds of fullerene having specific number of monomers, such as 23 and 53. The cluster is stable and separable from the solution.