Abstract: A seam structure for a drying wire, produced by reducing the thickness of the end portion of the drying wire and folding the end portion double and stitching the double wire portion to hold it together; and a method for producing the seam structure. At least part of the stitch (6; 6a, 6b) is sewn in parallel with warp threads (2) in the direction of travel of the drying wire between the warp threads (2) so that it will be positioned below the contact surfaces of the warp threads, the stitch end close to the seam being sewn double over a distance and the stitch end remote from the seam is bonded to the wire side facing away from the web by silicone (7) or some other suitable glue-like material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a measuring apparatus for measuring the condition of a felt in a paper machine, comprising a measuring head (1) connected to a vacuum source. Air is sucked into the measuring head through the felt, and the air and the water carried with the air are removed through separate conduits. The measuring head comprises a microwave head for measuring the water content of the felt, and a temperature detector for measuring the temperature of the sucked air concurrently with the vacuum measurement.

Abstract: A dryer screen in a paper machine has two superimposed connected gauze structures. It has a surface gauze layer an a bottom gauze layer, each having respective weft threads (1, 3) and warp threads (2, 4). In the dryer screen, the warp threads (2, 4) are similar in both the surface and bottom gauze layers, and they are similar in cross-section. The warp threads (4) of the bottom gauze layer pass at suitable intervals over the weft threads (1) of the surface gauze layer to bond the bottom and surface gauze layer together. The cross-sectional area and shape of the weft threads of the bottom gauze are selected so that the respective actual lengths of the warp threads (2, 4) of the surface gauze layer are equal to the corresponding threads of the bottom gauze layer.

Abstract: A two-layer paper machine cloth includes first and second longitudinal yarn systems and at least three transverse yarn systems. To provide effective drainage, at least one transverse yarn system is situated on the paper-forming side of the cloth and at least two transverse yarn systems are situated on the wear side. One of the yarn systems of the wear side consists of yarns having a smaller diameter than the other yarns. The first longitudinal yarn system weaves only with the larger diameter transverse yarns or, alternatively, both with the larger diameter and the smaller diameter yarns and the second longitudinal yarn system weaves only with the smaller diameter longitudinal yarns.

Abstract: Device for measuring the condition of a felt (4) in a paper machine and for reconditioning it, comprising a measuring head (7) provided with a suction chamber (7b) and a measuring surface (7a) to be positioned against the surface of the felt (4) and provided with suction holes (15) leading into the suction chamber (7b); a suction conduit (17) leading out of the suction chamber (7b) and communicating with a vacuum source (9) for sucking air and water through the suction holes (15) from the felt (4) into the suction chamber (7b) and for discharging water and air from the suction chamber (7b); and measuring means (18) for measuring the vacuum pressure in the suction chamber (7b). In the reconditioning and measuring device according to the invention, the measuring head (7) comprises two suction conduits (16, 17) for sucking water and air, respectively.

Abstract: A filter bag (1) for a disc-like filter, comprising filter surfaces (2) to be positioned on both sides of a filter element. The filter element is inserted into the filter bag, and the filter bag is heated so that the heated portion shrinks, thus tightening the filter bag around the filter element. The filter bag (1) is so shaped that the filter parts (2) to be positioned on both sides of the filter element are substantially of the same shape and size as the required filter surfaces. An edge part (3) of a material substantially impermeable to liquid and shrinkable at elevated temperature is attached to the edges of the filter parts.

Abstract: The invention relates to a planar textile structure, particularly a paper machine textile or a textile for the purposes of filtration, comprising a load-bearing basic structure. In order to enable a rapid and advantageous adjustment of the properties of the planar textile structure, staple fibres are applied to the basic structure. The staple fibre may be applied within the basic structure or to at least one surface thereof.

Abstract: A two-layer paper machine fabric comprising one machine direction yarn system and two cross-machine direction yarn systems. The yarn systems are interlaced in accordance with an 8-shaft weave repeat. The yarns of the cross-machine direction yarn systems are positioned in two layers in such a way that the number of yarns in the upper system is double as compared with the lower cross-machine direction yarn system. To achieve a stable fabric each machine direction yarn passes during one weave repeat over two yarns in the upper cross-machine direction yarn layer and under one yarn in the lower cross-machine direction yarn layer. The passage of each machine direction yarn is reverse as compared with the passages of adjacent yarns. The yarns of the upper cross-machine direction yarn system form floats extending alternately over two and four machine direction yarns and the yarns of the lower cross-machine direction yarn system form floats extending alternately over two and four machine direction yarns.

Abstract: A two-layer paper machine fabric comprising a machine direction yarn system and two cross-machine direction yarn systems, the systems being interlaced in accordance with a 16-shaft weave repeat. To achieve a fabric having advantageous wear properties, the lower cross-machine direction yarn forms floats spanning 13 yarns on the underside of the fabric and is interwoven in the fabric by passing it during one weave repeat over two machine direction yarns positioned close to each other in such a way that at least one machine direction yarn remains between said two machine direction yarns, said at least one machine direction yarn passing over the lower cross-machine direction yarn. The upper cross-machine direction paper-contacting yarn forms floats of shorter span as compared with the lower cross-machine direction yarn on the upper side of the fabric and is interlaced with at least two machine direction yarns per weave repeat.

Abstract: A wear resistant cloth for a paper-making machine, comprises a first fabric woven from first warp and weft threads and a second fabric woven from second warp and weft threads. The weft and warp count of the first fabric is preferably twice the warp and weft count of the second fabric. The cloth further comprises connecting threads parallel with the warp threads, arranged to interconnect the fabrics so that the first fabric forms the upper surface of the cloth and the second fabric correspondingly the lower surface of the cloth. In order to improve the wear resistance of the cloth, the connecting threads are arranged to be always at the same phase as the warp thread of that one the fabrics at which the interlacing takes place. The thread count of the connecting thread is the same as the warp count of the fabric.

Abstract: A system and method are provided for joining the ends of a bank-shaped elongate element. Alignment strips (3) are thereby fastened in the vicinity of the ends (1,2) of the elongate element, both alignment strips being formed by a sheet-like part (4) one edge of which is provided with a U-shaped element (5). In order to provide a firm joint, the alignment strips are positioned side by side so that the outer surfaces of the bottoms of the U-shaped elements (5) are in alignment. The alignment strips (3) so positioned are interlocked by means of a locking strip (7) to be passed in place from a side of the band-shaped elongate element in the longitudinal direction of the alignment strips (3) so as to be engaged with the U-shaped elements (5).

Abstract: A method of taking pictures of a quick-moving object by means of a video apparatus, whereby the quick-moving object, e.g. a paper web, is exposed to a short light impulse and a light impulse reflected from the object is used to produce an image on an image sensor of semiconductor type in the camera. The light impulse brings dot detectors of the image sensor into a detection state corresponding to the light intensity of each dot, where they remain after the end of the light impulse, whereby the image remains in the storage of the image sensor and can in a normal way by read and recorded on a video tape in the video tape recorder.

Abstract: The invention relates to a cloth for a paper machine, comprising a fabric formed of threads of a synthetic material. In the cloth, reinforcements extending substantially longitudinally of the cloth are positioned at predetermined points. The reinforcements are formed be feeding molten plastic material in a narrow stripe on to the surface of the cloth. In order to improve the wear properties of the wire, the directions of the stripes forming the reinforcement are arranged to deviate locally from the longitudinal direction of the cloth.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for the adjustment of the dewatering in the wire section of a paper machine. A fiber web is fed on to a forming wire, and the forming wire is passed over the surface of at least one dewatering means and a partial vacuum dependent on the difference in the speeds of the wire and said surface is created under the forming wire. An additional movable wire is positioned to move between the forming wire and the dewatering means and the dewatering is adjusted according to the kind of the fibre web to be dewatered, by adjusting the speed of the additional wire independently of the speed of the forming wire.

Abstract: The invention relates to a press felt for the transportation of a web and for the dewatering thereof in a press part of a paper machine. The press felt comprises at least one needled flock layer formed by fibres. In order to eliminate the re-wetting and the blow effect, a surface layer is formed on or partially within the flock layer at least on one side of the felt. The permeability of the surface layer is substantially lower than that of the rest of the felt beneath the surface layer. The surface layer can be formed by a plastic material applied on the flock layer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the manufacture of a press felt for a paper machine and a press felt manufactured by means of said method. The method comprises the manufacture of a seamed fabric and the needling of a fibrous layer on at least one side of the seamed fabric. the fibrous layer is incised in such a way that the seam of the seamed fabric can be opened by removing a connecting thread and correspondingly rejoined after the press felt is mounted in the paper machine by passing the connecting thread back in place so as to join the press felt into an endless loop. In order to eliminate the marking caused by the seam, and in order to increase the water space, at least one surface fabric is provided on at least one surface of the seamed fabric between the seamed fabric and the fibrous layer. The incision of the fibrous layer is made through the surface fabric/surface fabrics up to the seamed fabric.

Abstract: A spiral wire, comprising adjacent thread spirals (1) positioned in pairs with loops thereof interlapping to form transverse rows of loops in the wire, and linking threads (2) inserted in the rows of loops. The opposite ends of the spiral wire are interconnected by means of a seam thread (2A) into an endless wire. In order to make it easier to insert the seam thread, a clearance (X) is provided between the interlapping loops (1Aa) of the two spirals (1A) forming the seam position, which clearance extends in the direction of the seam thread so that the loops are able to yield with respect to each other in that direction. The spirals of the seam portion are preferably made of a thinner thread, a thread having a flat cross-section or interconnected with a sparser spacing of the loops.

Abstract: To protect shores against oil pollutants, a web-like oil-retaining textile, is lowered into the water in parallel with the shore and the textile is drawn up on the shore over a strip of land which is in danger of getting polluted in such a manner that a longitudinal edge of the textile remains in the water. The oil which is thrown towards the shore by the waves adheres to the textile and is thereby prevented from contacting the strip of land.One longitudinal edge of the textile is provided with a heavy foot rope and the other longitudinal edge is provided with floats and cords for drawing the textile up on the shore. The textile may be a needled fibrous felt having a width of 4 to 8 meters, the width being comparable to that of the strip of land to be protected.

Abstract: A spiral wire and a method of manufacturing a spiral wire comprising adjacent spirals (1) positioned in pairs with their loops (1a) intermeshing to form rows of loops in the transverse direction of the wire, and link threads (2) inserted in the rows. The wire is subjected to thermal fixation by simultaneous stretching and heating thereof. In order to fix the loops axially immovably on the link threads, the link thread is formed by a core thread (3) provided with a coating (4) deformable at a lower temperature than the core thread. During the thermal fixation, the coating softens and is pressed from under the loops into the spaces between the loops and the coating is provided with grooves (5) for fixing of the loops without deformation of the core thread.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and a device for reducing the rewetting of a web after a press nip. The web to be dried is passed together with a press felt through a press nip formed by a first and a second press roll. The web and the felt are separated from each other after the press nip. For reducing the compressive pressure as quickly as possible after the center line of the nip, a mat made of a water-impermeable and resilient material is arranged to pass through the nip, said mat being in contact with the surface of either press roll and one of the surfaces of the web. After the press nip, the mat is subjected to a tensile stress, preferably by means of a second pair of rolls for preventing the returning of the mat to its original thickness starting immediately after the center line of the press nip.