Abstract: Disclosed is a process for performing a chemical reaction selected from reductive amination and hydrogenation of a first functional group in an organic feed substrate, which feed substrate comprises at least one further functional group containing a halogen atom, wherein the halogen atom is selected from the list consisting of chlorine, bromine, iodine, and combinations thereof, in the presence of hydrogen and a heterogeneous catalyst comprising at least one metal from the list of Pd, Rh, and Ru, together with at least a second metal from the list consisting of Ag, Ni, Co, Sn, Cu and Au. The process is preferably applied for the reductive amination of 2-chloro-benzaldehyde to form 2-chloro-benzyldimethylamine, as an intermediate in the production of agrochemically active compounds and microbiocides of the methoximinophenylglyoxylic ester series.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for performing a reductive amination of a first functional group in an organic feed substrate, which feed substrate comprises at least one further functional group containing a halogen atom, wherein the halogen atom is selected from the list consisting of chlorine, bromine, iodine, and combinations thereof, in the presence of hydrogen and a heterogeneous catalyst comprising at least one metal from the list of Pd, Pt, Rh, Ir, and Ru, and in absence of any catalytic amount of any second metal from the list consisting of Ag, Ni, Co, Sn, Bi, Cu, Au, and combinations thereof. The process is preferably applied for the reductive amination of 2-chloro-benzaldehyde to form 2-chloro-benzyldimethylamine, as an intermediate in the production of active agrochemical compounds and microbicides of the methoximinophenylglyoxylic ester series.

Abstract: A method for the stabilization of an aqueous choline hydroxide solution includes, optionally adding a first stabilizer of a dithionite salt and/or a dialkylhydroxylamine to an aqueous solution containing reactants that will produce an aqueous choline hydroxide solution; and after the aqueous choline hydroxide solution is formed, adding a second stabilizer which comprises a dialkylhydroxylamine to the aqueous choline hydroxide solution. The stabilized choline hydroxide solution may include choline hydroxide, water, and a dialkylhydroxylamine and optionally a dithionite salt as a stabilizer present in an amount of from about 50 ppm to less than about 5000 ppm by weight relative to the total weight of the stabilized choline hydroxide solution.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for performing a reductive amination of a first functional group in an organic feed substrate, which feed substrate comprises at least one further functional group containing a halogen atom, in the presence of hydrogen, a nitrogen-containing compound, and a catalyst, wherein the presence of the nitrogen-containing compound, expressed in a molar ratio relative to the first functional group in the organic feed substrate, at least during the reaction as long as the conversion of the organic feed substrate has not yet reached 80%, is maintained below a level of 1.3. Further disclosed is a composition of the invention comprising at least 98.0% wt of 2-chloro-benzyl-dimethylamine, at most 0.60% wt of the meso-o-Cl-BDMA dimer and at least 1 ppm wt of the (+/?)-o-Cl-BDMA dimer and any use therefor.

Abstract: A method for the stabilization of an aqueous choline hydroxide solution includes, optionally adding a first stabilizer of a dithionite salt and/or a dialkylhydroxylamine to an aqueous solution containing reactants that will produce an aqueous choline hydroxide solution; and after the aqueous choline hydroxide solution is formed, adding a second stabilizer which comprises a dialkylhydroxylamine to the aqueous choline hydroxide solution. The stabilized choline hydroxide solution may include choline hydroxide, water, and a dialkylhydroxylamine and optionally a dithionite salt as a stabilizer present in an amount of from about 50 ppm to less than about 5000 ppm by weight relative to the total weight of the stabilized choline hydroxide solution.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for deacidising a non-aqueous feed comprising one of H2S, CO2, COS, CS2, disulphides and/or mercaptans, comprising a. an absorption step contacting the feed in countercurrent with an aqueous absorbent solution, forming a product reduced in the acid compounds and a liquid absorbent solution enriched with acid compounds, b. a regeneration step treating the enriched solution from step a) to release acid compound, thereby forming a lean absorbent solution and a stream containing the acid compound, and c. recycling at least part of the lean solution from step b) to step a), characterised in that step a) is performed at a pressure of at least 5.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the production of choline hydroxide includes reacting at a temperature above 30.0° C. ethylene oxide, trimethylamine, and water in the presence of an aqueous medium in such amounts as to form a diluted choline hydroxide solution having a choline hydroxide concentration of less than 40 wt % and removing at least a portion of the aqueous medium from the diluted choline hydroxide solution to form a concentrated aqueous choline hydroxide solution having a choline hydroxide concentration which is at least 1.05 times the choline hydroxide concentration of the diluted choline hydroxide solution. The process allows for large scale, continuous production of concentrated aqueous choline hydroxide solutions of good quality under economically advantaged consumption factors for ethylene oxide.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for performing a chemical reaction selected from reductive amination and hydrogenation of a first functional group in an organic feed substrate, which feed substrate comprises at least one further functional group containing a halogen atom, wherein the halogen atom is selected from the list consisting of chlorine, bromine, iodine, and combinations thereof, in the presence of hydrogen and a heterogeneous catalyst comprising at least one metal from the list of Pd, Rh, and Ru, together with at least a second metal from the list consisting of Ag, Ni, Co, Sn, Cu and Au. The process is preferably applied for the reductive amination of 2-chloro-benzaldehyde to form 2-chloro-benzyldimethylamine, as an intermediate in the production of agrochemically active compounds and microbiocides of the methoximinophenylglyoxylic ester series.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the production of choline hydroxide includes reacting at a temperature above 30.0° C. ethylene oxide, trimethylamine, and water in the presence of an aqueous medium in such amounts as to form a diluted choline hydroxide solution having a choline hydroxide concentration of less than 40 wt % and removing at least a portion of the aqueous medium from the diluted choline hydroxide solution to form a concentrated aqueous choline hydroxide solution having a choline hydroxide concentration which is at least 1.05 times the choline hydroxide concentration of the diluted choline hydroxide solution. The process allows for large scale, continuous production of concentrated aqueous choline hydroxide solutions of good quality under economically advantaged consumption factors for ethylene oxide.

Abstract: A continuous process for the production of choline hydroxide includes reacting ethylene oxide, trimethylamine, and water in a reaction zone to form a reaction mixture and extracting heat from the reaction mixture. Subsequently, phase separation of the reaction mixture is induced to obtain a choline hydroxide phase and an organic liquid phase comprising trimethylamine. A choline hydroxide solution (e.g., at a concentration of about 40% to 50% by weight, based on total weight of the choline hydroxide solution) is obtained from the choline hydroxide phase.

Abstract: Provided herein are, inter alia, compositions including a surfactant and a novel compound useful in enhanced oil recovery. The compositions and methods provided herein may be particularly useful for oil recovery under a broad range of reservoir conditions (e.g. high to low temperatures, high to low salinity, highly viscous oils).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and an arrangement for separation and recovery of at least one carboxylic acid and furfural from a dilute aqueous mixture thereof. In the method of the present invention a dilute aqueous mixture comprising at least one carboxylic acid and furfural is extracted with methyltetrahydrofurane, and at least one carboxylic acid and furfural are recovered. The arrangement of the present invention comprises an extraction unit 302 for carrying out extraction of at least one carboxylic acid and furfural from dilute aqueous mixture with methyltetrahydrofuran, connected to distillation unit 307 for carrying out distillation of the extract 305 from the extraction unit 302, and connected to acids distillation unit 320 for carrying out distillation of the bottom stream 308 from the distillation unit 307 to separate at least one carboxylic acid and furfural.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the non-therapeutic treatment of animals selected from the group consisting of poultry, pigs and fish. The treatment comprises orally administering at least one ?-alanine compound to the animals in an amount of between 2 and 55 mmol/kg dry weight of said feed for the treatment of poultry and fish and between 2 and 25 mmol/kg dry weight of said feed for the treatment of pigs. These amounts of the ?-alanine compound are used for reducing the conversion ratio or for in creasing the bodyweight gain of the animals. The ?-alanine compound is in particular ?-alanine. In prior art methods higher amounts were used resulting also in a reduction of the feed conversion ratio but this to the detriment of the bodyweight gain.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for purifying and recovering propionic acid from an aqueous mixture containing a fermentation product obtained from a fermentation process using glycerol as substrate, the method comprising optionally acidifying the aqueous mixture to a pH below 4.5, subjecting the aqueous mixture to an extraction with extracting agent containing a heavy extractant and optionally a light extractant as a diluent to obtain an extract comprising the extracting agent and organic acids, and a raffinate comprising water and any unreacted glycerol, and subjecting the extract to vacuum evaporation to separate propionic acid-containing organic acids from the extractant.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with the use of pyrrolidones selected from the group consisting of N-n-butylpyrrolidone, N-isobutylpyrrolidone, N-t-butylpyrrolidone, N-n-pentylpyrrolidone, N-(methyl-substituted butyl)pyrrolidones, ring-methyl-substituted N-propyl and N-butyl pyrrolidones and N-(methoxypropyl) pyrrolidone as replacement solvents in specific applications wherein N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone (NEP), N,N-dimethyl acetamide (DMAc), and/or dimethyl formamide (DMF) is the appropriate solvent to be used. The invention is also concerned with a solvent comprising NMP, NEP, DMAc, or DMF and one or more pyrrolidones selected from said group, as well as a solvent comprising a second solvent, which is a replacement solvent for NMP, NEP, DMAc, or DMF and one or more selected from said group.

Abstract: A continuous process for the production of choline hydroxide includes reacting ethylene oxide, trimethylamine, and water in a reaction zone to form a reaction mixture and extracting heat from the reaction mixture. Subsequently, phase separation of the s reaction mixture is induced to obtain a choline hydroxide phase and an organic liquid phase comprising trimethylamine. A choline hydroxide solution (e.g., at a concentration of about 40% to 50% by weight, based on total weight of the choline hydroxide solution) is obtained from the choline hydroxide phase.

Abstract: A process is described for obtaining free flowable, carrier free powders from aqueous solutions of deliquescent quaternary ammonium compounds in a two step process, comprising a drying and a powder mixing step. The excellent free-flowing and stability characteristics of the final product could only be obtained when among possible other additives at least one univalent metal fatty acid salt is added to the liquid phase in the drying step and at least one multivalent metal fatty acid salt in the powder mixing step. A surprising synergy was observed between these additives when applied as described in the present invention.

Abstract: A method for the stabilization of an aqueous choline hydroxide solution includes optionally, adding a first stabilizer of a dithionite salt or a dialkylhydroxylamine to an aqueous solution containing reactants that will produce an aqueous choline hydroxide solution; and after the aqueous choline hydroxide solution is formed, adding a second stabilizer of a dithionite salt or a dialkylhydroxylamine to the aqueous choline hydroxide solution. The stabilized choline hydroxide solution may include choline hydroxide, water, and a dithionite salt and/or a dialkylhydroxylamine as a stabilizer present in an amount of about 100 ppm to about 2000 ppm by weight of the stabilized choline hydroxide solution.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for purifying and recovering propionic acid from an aqueous mixture containing a fermentation product obtained from a fermentation process using glycerol as substrate, the method comprising optionally acidifying the aqueous mixture to a pH below 4.5, subjecting the aqueous mixture to an extraction with extracting agent containing a heavy extractant and optionally a light extractant as a diluent to obtain an extract comprising the extracting agent and organic acids, and a raffinate comprising water and any unreacted glycerol, and subjecting the extract to vacuum evaporation to separate propionic acid-containing organic acids from the extractant.

Abstract: A method for the stabilization of an aqueous choline hydroxide solution includes, optionally adding a first stabilizer of a dithionite salt and/or a dialkylhydroxylamine to an aqueous solution containing reactants that will produce an aqueous choline hydroxide solution; and after the aqueous choline hydroxide solution is formed, adding a second stabilizer which comprises a dialkylhydroxylamine to the aqueous choline hydroxide solution. The stabilized choline hydroxide solution may include choline hydroxide, water, and a dialkylhydroxylamine and optionally a dithionite salt as a stabilizer present in an amount of from about 50 ppm to less than about 5000 ppm by weight relative to the total weight of the stabilized choline hydroxide solution.