Abstract: Disclosed is an alkaline extract of shredded pinecones yields a polyphenylpropanoid polysaccharide complex (PPC) that functions as an orally active immune adjuvant. Specifically, the oral PPC boosts the number of antigen-specific memory CD8+ T cells generated in response to a variety of vaccine types (DNA, protein, and dendritic cell) and bias the response towards one that is predominately a T helper 1 type. The oral PPC has potential for use be to enhance the T cell response generated by a variety of prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines designed to target a cellular response.

Abstract: Plant extracts obtainable by extracting various plant materials with an alkaline agent, methods for preparing such extracts, compositions comprising such extracts, and methods for using the extracts or compositions thereof are described.

Abstract: Plant extracts obtainable by extracting various plant materials with an alkaline agent, methods for preparing such extracts, compositions comprising such extracts, and methods for using the extracts or compositions thereof are described.