Abstract: The present invention provides a novel a condensed polycyclic compound useful as a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, which is shown by the formula [I]: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a pharmaceutical composition containing the same.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel agent for prophylaxis or treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases for oral administration or intra-intestinal infusion, which comprises as an active ingredient a compound of the formula (I): or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; a use of said active ingredient in preparation of an agent for prophylaxis or treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases; and a method for prophylaxis or treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide an aliphatic nitrogen-containing 5-membered ring compound represented by the formula [I]: wherein symbols in the formula have the following meanings; A: —CH2— or —S—, B: CH or N, R1: H, a lower alkyl group, etc., X: a single bonding arm, —CO—, -Alk-CO—, —COCH2—, -Alk-O—, —O—CH2—, —SO2—, —S—, —COO—, —CON(R3)—, -Alk-CON(R3)—, —CON(R3)CH2—, —NHCH2—, etc., R3: hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, Alk: a lower alkylene group, and R2: (1) a cyclic group which may be substituted, (2) a substituted amino group, etc., provided that when X is —CO—, then B is N, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: A method for producing a monkey-derived embryonic stem cell comprising the steps of carrying out fertilization by insemination by in vitro fertilization or intracytoplasmic sperm injection using a monkey ovum and monkey sperms, thereby giving a fertilized ovum, allowing the fertilized ovum to differentiate into a blastocyst by in vitro culture, and establishing an ES cell line using the blastocyst; the monkey ES cell obtained by the method, a method for screening a reagent for specific differentiation into cell or tissue by using the ES cell; and a differentiated cell or differentiated tissue each differentiated from the ES cell. According to the present invention, applications of the embryonic stem cells to embryological studies clinical applications, experimental models, and the like on primates, studies of diseases, are expected.

Abstract: A pyridopyrimidine or a naphthyridine derivative of the formula (I): wherein R1 is an optionally substituted nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group, etc.; R2 is H or a lower alkyl group; R3 is H or an optionally substituted lower alkyl group, etc.; R4 is H, a lower alkyl group, COOH, etc.; R5 is a lower alkyl group which may optionally be substituted by an optionally substituted aryl etc.; one of X and Y is CH and the other is nitrogen, or both of X and Y are nitrogen; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, these compounds exhibiting excellent PDE V inhibitory activities, and being useful in the prophylaxis or treatment of penile erectile dysfunction, etc.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a novel method of detecting a function or activity of a polypeptide which is related to bone metabolism, in particular, differentiation (maturation) of osteoblast or morphological change (retraction), specifically relating to a polypeptide which comprises an amino acid sequence shown by SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 4, an amino acid sequence in which one or several amino acids are deleted, substituted or added in the amino acid sequence shown by SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 4, or a polypeptide encoded by a nucleic acid which is capable of hybridizing under stringent condition with a nucleic acid comprising a nucleotide sequence shown by SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 3, or a complement sequence thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a 5-phenylbenzylamine compound represented by the formula [1]: wherein Ring A represents a phenyl group having a substituent(s), Ra, Rb1 and Rb2 each represent hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a halogeno-lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group, Rc1 represents hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group optionally substituted by a heterocyclic group, or an acyl group, Rc2 and Re each represent hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, Rd represents hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group or an acyl group, and Rf represents a lower alkyl group or a cyclic lower alkyl group, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a process for preparing the same and synthetic intermediate thereof.

Abstract: There are disclosed a large conductance calcium-activated K channel opener comprising a compound of the formula (I): wherein ring A is a 5-membered heterocyclic ring containing any one of O, N or S, which ring may be substituted by R4, R1 is aryl, heterocyclic or heterocycle-substituted carbonyl; R2 is hydrogen, halogen, carboxy, amino, alkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkenyl or cycloalkyl; R3 is aryl, heterocyclic or alkyl; and R4 is hydrogen or alkyl, each of substituents may be substituted, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof as an active ingredient.

Abstract: Nitrogen-containing fused heterocyclic carboxylic acid having an absolute configuration of “R” of the formula [XIX]: wherein Y is substituted or unsubstituted arylsulfonyl group or an alkylsulfonyl group, and n is 0 or 1, or a salt thereof.

Abstract: A method for identifying or screening an agonist for or antagonist to a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR) which comprises allowing a test cell and a substance to be tested to coexist, and detecting a change in a ligand-dependent interaction between the PPAR and a coactivator in the test cells due to the substance to be tested by measuring the expression of a reporter gene as an index.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a phenylalanine derivative of Formula (I) wherein X1 is a halogen atom, X2 is a halogen atom, Q is a CH2R— is a carboxyl group which may be esterified; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: To provide a novel phospholipase A2 (PLA2) associated with psoriasis, a nucleic acid encoding the same, a method for characterizing, identifying or screening an inhibitor for the PLA2 or a medicament; and a novel method for diagnosis or examination of psoriasis or the like. A polypeptide having the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 9, a conservative substitution variant thereof, a naturally occurring allelic variant thereof, or the like. A nucleic acid encoding the above-mentioned polypeptide, a complement thereof or the like. A method for characterizing, identifying or screening an inhibitor for the PLA2 or a medicament, using the above-mentioned polypeptide. An examination method for psoriasis, characterized by assaying an expression level of a gene consisting of the above-mentioned nucleic acid or the like.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel piperidine compound of the formula [I]: wherein Ring A represents an optionally substituted benzene ring, Ring B represents an optionally substituted benzene ring, R1 represents an optionally substituted alkyl group, an optionally substituted hydroxyl group, etc., or a group of the formula: (a) wherein R11 and R12 are the same or different, and each represents hydrogen atom, a substituted carbonyl group, a substituted sulfonyl group, an optionally substituted alkyl group, etc., R2 represents hydrogen atom, etc., Z represents oxygen atom or a group represented by —N(R3)—, R3 represents hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, etc., R4 represents hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, etc., or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: wherein Ring A and Ring B are: (1) Ring A is an optionally substituted unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring, and Ring B is an optionally substituted unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring, an optionally substituted unsaturated fused heterobicyclic ring, or an optionally substituted benzene ring, (2) Ring A is an optionally substituted benzene ring, and Ring B is an optionally substituted unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring or an optionally substituted unsaturated fused heterobicyclic ring, or (3) Ring A is an optionally substituted unsaturated fused heterobicyclic ring, and Ring B are independently an optionally substituted unsaturated monocyclic heterocyclic ring, an optionally substituted unsaturated fused heterobicyclic ring, or an optionally substituted benzene ring; X is a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom; Y is —(CH2)n— (n is 1 or 2); a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a prodrug thereof.

Abstract: To supply substantially isolated neural cells in a large amount, and to provide an application means for a neuroregenerative medicine or the like for a neurodegenerative disease, a nervous damage or the like. A method for producing a substantially isolated neural cell, comprising the step of carrying out the suspension culture of embryonic stem cells in the presence of an astrocyte conditioned medium or ingredients substantially equivalent to the conditioned medium; and a neural cell obtained thereby; a cell pharmaceutical composition comprising, as an active ingredient, the isolated neural stem cell; and a method for treating a neurodegenerative disease or nervous damage, comprising the step of introducing the neural cell into a neurodegenerative site or a nervous damage site.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound of the following formula: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Also disclosed are compositions containing the compound and methods of preparing and using the compounds. The compounds of the invention are useful in treating ?L?2 adhesion mediated conditions in a mammal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polypeptide selected from the following (A), (B) and (C), having a function or an activity as a receptor of an eicosanoid (5-oxo-ETE, etc.); (A) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence shown by SEQ ID NO:2 or SEQ ID NO:21; (B) a polypeptide comprising an amino acid sequence shown by SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ.ID.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition comprising as an active ingredient a compound of formula (I), wherein Ring A is an aromatic or a heterocyclic ring; Q is a bond, carbonyl, lower alkylene, lower alkenylene, —O— -(lower alkylene)-, etc.; n is 0, 1 or 2; Z is oxygen or sulfur; W is oxygen, sulfur, —CH?CH—, —NH— or —N?CH—; R1, R2 and R3 are the same or different and are hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, a substituted or unsubstituted lower alkyl gorup, a substituted or unsubstituted lower alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, etc.; R4 is tetrazolyl, carboxyl group, amide or ester; R5 is hydrogen, nitro, amino, hydroxyl, lower alkanoyl, lower alkyl, etc.; R6 is selected from (a) a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, (b) a substituted or unsubstituted pyridyl group, (c) a substituted or unsubstituted thienyl group, (d) a substituted or unsubstituted benzofuranyl group, etc.; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide an aliphatic nitrogen-containing 5-membered ring compound represented by the formula [I]: wherein A represents —CH2— or —S—, R1 represents hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, a hydroxy lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy lower alkyl group, X represents —N(R3)—, —O— or —CO—, where R3 represents hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group, and R2 represents (1) a cyclic group which may be substituted, or (2) an amino group which may be substituted, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a method for preparing the above-mentioned compound and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the above-mentioned compound as an effective ingredient.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel agent for prophylaxis or treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases for oral administration or intra-intestinal infusion, which comprises as an active ingredient a compound of the formula (I): 1