Abstract: A repeater for a wireless network in which a signal radiation path provided by building wiring is used to provide spatial separation between at least two radiating points. The repeater is preferably packaged into a housing that is suitable for use as an Alternating Current-to-Direct Current (AC/DC) transformer (or wall wart). If the radiating point includes at least one antenna, the antenna may also be incorporated within the transformer housing. The radiating points can be are provided by at least two antennas, in which case the building wiring includes a coaxial cable, such for carrying video or cable signals. The building wiring may also be standard Alternating Current (AC) three wire conductor cable which may or may not be placed within building walls. In this implementation, the radiating point is determined by a matching circuit.

Abstract: A technique for transmission of wireless signals across CDMA radio links. Bandwidth is allocated dynamically within a session to specific CDMA subscriber unit based upon data rate determinations. Specifically, a dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm operates from limits calculated based upon available ports per subscriber, expected user bandwidth, and parallel user bandwidth versus throughput. Provisions for priority service, unbalanced forward and reverse spectrum utilization, voice prioritization, and band switching are also made.

Abstract: A technique for transmission of wireless signals across CDMA radio links. Bandwidth is allocated dynamically within a session to specific CDMA subscriber unit based upon data rate determinations. Specifically, a dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm operates from limits calculated based upon available ports per subscriber, expected user bandwidth, and parallel user bandwidth versus throughput. Provisions for priority service, unbalanced forward and reverse spectrum utilization, voice prioritization, and band switching are also made.

Abstract: A technique for transmission of wireless signals across CDMA radio links. Bandwidth is allocated dynamically within a session to specific CDMA subscriber unit based upon data rate determinations. Specifically, a dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm operates from limits calculated based upon available ports per subscriber, expected user bandwidth, and parallel user bandwidth versus throughput. Provisions for priority service, unbalanced forward and reverse spectrum utilization, voice prioritization, and band switching are also made.

Abstract: A repeater that extends the range of a wireless communication system especially one using Time Division Duplex (TDD) protocols. The device preferably translates signals received on a first radio frequency channel to a second radio frequency channel. The repeater preferably monitors one or more channels for transmissions. When a transmission on one channel is detected, the repeater is configured to translate the received signal to another channel where it is then transmitted. The device thus solves a problem of isolating input and output signal from one another.

Abstract: A technique for transmission of wireless signals across CDMA radio links. Bandwidth is allocated dynamically within a session to specific CDMA subscriber unit based upon data rate determinations. Specifically, a dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm operates from limits calculated based upon available ports per subscriber, expected user bandwidth, and parallel user bandwidth versus throughput. Provisions for priority service, unbalanced forward and reverse spectrum utilization, voice prioritization, and band switching are also made.

Abstract: An adaptive antenna used in a receive only mode with a separate omnidirectional transmit antenna. The arrangement is especially effective for small, handheld wireless devices. The transmit antenna maybe integrated with the receive array by utilizing a horizontally polarized transmit and vertically polarized receiver ray. In other embodiments, the transmit antenna may be physically separate and not integrated with the receive array. In either case there is separate receive and transmit signal port as an interface to radio transceiver equipment. The use of an adaptive antenna in the receive only direction has the potential to increase forward links capacity to levels equal to or greater than reverse link capacity. This allows for a significant increase in the overall number of users that may be active at the same time in a wireless system.

Abstract: An antenna array that uses at least two passive antennas and one active antenna disposed above a ground plane, but electrically isolated from the ground plane, and a respective resonant strip positioned beneath each passive antenna. The passive antenna elements are positioned about the active element, and each of the at least two passive antenna elements is individually set to a reflective or a transmissive mode to change the characteristics of an input/output beam pattern of the antenna apparatus.

Abstract: A technique for steering a directional antenna such as may be used with User Equipment (UE) in a wireless communication system. Optimum angle settings for the directional antenna are determined as different values for an uplink and downlink; that is for simple reception and simple transmission. Thus, rather than determine compromised directions that are picked in an attempt to optimize transmission and reception with the same directional setting, directional settings may be optimized independently. The invention is of particular use in a Time Division Duplex (TDD) system where transmit and receive functions can be operating independently at different times. In further aspects, an optimum direction is determined by estimating an interference signal power which is detected from signals emanating from adjacent base stations (access points) and determining a directional setting that minimizes interference to adjacent cells based upon such measurements.

Abstract: Methods of scheduling optimization of communications used with Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) equipment that employs steerable directional antennas. The methods may use and are compatible with Media Access Control (MAC) layers of IEEE 802.11 group of standards. The methods do not depend on any particular PHY layer standard.

Abstract: A technique for steering a directional antenna such as may be used in a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) device. The technique detects signal parameters during reception of short sync pulses in the very beginning portion of a Packet Protocol Data Unit (PPDU) frame. As a result, the antenna can be steered to an optimum direction for reception prior to receiving other portions of a preamble that may be needed to acquire carrier signal phase and frequency.

Abstract: A method of managing the number of base station engaged in soft hand-off in a mobile communication system. The method involves manipulating a subscriber based directional antenna so as to control the number of base transceiver stations, pilot channels, beacon signals or other signals detected to be used in soft hand-off processing. The adaptive antennas are modified to manage the number of active set members, such as by manipulating direction, beamwidth, or other antenna parameters.

Abstract: An antenna assembly includes at least two active or main radiating omni-directional antenna elements arranged with at least one beam control or passive antenna element used as a reflector. The beam control antenna element(s) may have multiple reactance elements that can electrically terminate it to adjust the input or output beam pattern(s) produced by the combination of the active antenna elements and the beam control antenna element(s). More specifically, the beam control antenna element(s) may be coupled to different terminating reactances to change beam characteristics, such as the directivity and angular beamwidth. Processing may be employed to select which terminating reactance to use. Consequently, the radiator pattern of the antenna can be more easily directed towards a specific target receiver/transmitter, reduce signal-to-noise interference levels, and/or increase gain by using Radio Frequency (RF), Intermediate Frequency (IF), or baseband processing.

Abstract: A directive antenna operable in multiple frequency bands includes an active antenna element and at least one passive antenna element parasitically coupled to the active antenna element. The passive antenna element(s) have length and spacing substantially optimized to operate at (i) a fundamental frequency associated with the active antenna element and (ii) a higher resonant frequency related to the fundamental frequency. Spatial-harmonic current-distributions of the passive antenna elements are used to create the multiple frequency bands of operation. The directive antenna also includes devices operatively coupled to the passive antenna element(s) to steer an antenna beam formed by applying a signal at the fundamental resonant frequency, higher resonant frequency, or both to the active antenna element to operate in the multiple frequency bands.

Abstract: An active antenna element to transmit and/or receive RF (Radio Frequency) signals is positioned in relation to a backplane that reflects RF signals. One or more passive antenna elements can be disposed on a similar side of the backplane as the active antenna element. Settings of the one or more passive antenna elements are adjusted to produce an input/output beam pattern that varies depending on whether the at least one passive antenna element is reflective or transmissive. Based on this technique, an RF input output beam pattern of an antenna assembly including the backplane, active antenna element and passive antenna elements can be controlled for better reception and transmission of RF signals.

Abstract: A Station Management Entity (SME) steers a directional antenna for a station to communicate with an Access Point (AP) in an 802.11 protocol system. The SME can steer the antenna before or after an 802.11 station has authenticated and associated with the Access Point. During a passive scan, the steering process cycles through the available antenna positions and monitors an AP beacon signal to determine a best position based on, for example, a Received Signal Strength Indication (RSSI). During an active scan where access probing is used, the steering process cycles through the antenna positions and monitors a probe response to determine the best antenna position. Additional scans may be performed based on a decision that the received signal level of the currently selected antenna position has dropped below a predetermined threshold.

Abstract: Random early detection (RED) controlled loss (i.e., discarding data packets) is determined as a function of change in processing gain assigned by a resource management system in a data network having a communications link between first and second network nodes. Rather than triggering RED controlled loss as a function of buffer levels, triggering is determined as a function of change in processing gain caused by, for example, a change in code rate, modulation technique, error (e.g., bit error rate or frame error rate), signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or carrier-to-interference (C/I) level, or a number of traffic code channels or TDMA slots assigned to the nodes. In a wireless data network, this technique may be deployed in a base station or access terminal. A tight coupling between the physical layer and link layer is provided using this technique.

Abstract: In a wireless communication network, a system and method for transferring a wireless session context allows a subscriber access unit to transfer the session context from one base station to another base station depending on a loading factor which indicates the throughput load through each of the base stations. A subscriber access unit which is located in an overlapping wireless coverage area served by both base stations can transfer the session context such that it is served by the base station having the least throughput load. Subscriber access units in overlapping coverage areas will therefore tend to transfer session context to the least burdened base station processor. In this manner, performance is improved because subscriber access units within a wireless coverage area of multiple base station processors are transferred to the base station able to provide the maximum throughput.

Abstract: A subscriber controlled registration protocol, a subscriber monitors a congestion indicator signal broadcasted by a base station with which it desires to register. If the congestion indicator signal indicates that the base station is operating in a congested state, the mobile station selects another base station in the system. Otherwise, it attempts to register with the first selected base station.

Abstract: A varactor based phase shifter that increases phase shift range using a lower characteristic impedance between quadrature ports than is used at its input/output ports. The circuit makes use of a four port coupler arrangement that imbeds a quarter wave impedance transformation between the input port and the quadrature ports as well as between the quadrature ports and the output port. The characteristic impedance across the quadrature ports is therefore less than the characteristic impedance across the input and output ports. In one implementation, reducing a characteristic input/output impedance of 50 to a 20 ohm quadrature port impedance results in a phase shift range increase of more than 50%.