Abstract: A method of measuring a surface of an optical element and an interferometric measuring device for measuring a surface or profile of the optical element. The optical element having a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface.

Abstract: A distance measuring arrangement for determining a distance from an object includes at least one light source for producing at least one first monochromatic and interference-capable light beam with a first wavelength and at least one second monochromatic and interference-capable light beam with a second wavelength, a multiplexer for coupling or combining the at least one first light beam and the at least one second light beam into a common measurement beam, an output coupling element for splitting the measurement beam into a reference beam and a signal beam, wherein the reference beam propagates along a reference path and wherein the signal beam propagates along a signal path, and a phase modulator that is arranged in the signal path and configured to modulate the phase of the signal beam periodically in time.

Abstract: A distance measuring arrangement for determining a distance from an object includes at least one light source for producing at least one first monochromatic and interference-capable light beam with a first wavelength and at least one second monochromatic and interference-capable light beam with a second wavelength, a multiplexer for coupling or combining the at least one first light beam and the at least one second light beam into a common measurement beam, an output coupling element for splitting the measurement beam into a reference beam and a signal beam, wherein the reference beam propagates along a reference path and wherein the signal beam propagates along a signal path, and a phase modulator that is arranged in the signal path and configured to modulate the phase of the signal beam periodically in time.

Abstract: A device and method for geometrically measuring an object includes a carrier for the object, at least one reference object that can be fixed relative to the carrier, and a holder which can be moved in at least one direction (x,z) relative to the reference object and on which a reference body and a distance measuring device are arranged, which distance measuring device is designed for measurement of a distance between the object and the reference body. A first and a second reference sensor are arranged at a distance from each other on the holder or on the reference body while facing the reference object, said reference sensors being designed to measure a first and a second distance to the reference object.

Abstract: A device and method for geometrically measuring an object, with a base and a carrier device arranged thereon for the object, at least one reference object which can be fixed relative to the base, at least one distance measuring system, by means of which a distance between the reference object and the surface of the object facing the reference object can be determined, and an object holder having an upper side and a lower side, to which the object can be attached, wherein the object holder can be selectively arranged in a first orientation and a second orientation on the carrier device, wherein the distance measuring system and the object holder are movable relative to each other in order to scan the surface of the object, and the object holder has on the upper side thereof and on the lower side thereof respective reference structures.

Abstract: A device and method for geometrically measuring an object includes a carrier for the object, at least one reference object that can be fixed relative to the carrier, and a holder which can be moved in at least one direction (x,z) relative to the reference object and on which a reference body and a distance measuring device are arranged, which distance measuring device is designed for measurement of a distance between the object and the reference body. A first and a second reference sensor are arranged at a distance from each other on the holder or on the reference body while facing the reference object, said reference sensors being designed to measure a first and a second distance to the reference object.

Abstract: A device and method for geometrically measuring an object, with a base and a support system arranged thereon for the object, at least one reference object which can be fixed relative to the base, at least one distance measuring system, by means of which a distance between the reference object and the surface of the object facing the reference object can be determined, and an object holder having a top side and an underside, to which the object can be attached, wherein the object holder can be selectively arranged in a first orientation and a second orientation on the support system, wherein the distance measuring system and the object holder are movable relative to each other in order to scan the surface of the object, and the object holder has on the top side thereof and on the underside thereof respective reference structures corresponding to the relative motion of the object holder and to the distance measuring system.

Abstract: A flycutting apparatus and a method of manufacturing printed circuit boards are disclosed. The flycutting apparatus may include a sensor for detecting changes in the relative positioning of an associated rotatable flywheel and the surface of an object, such as a web of flexible printed circuit board, to be machined. The sensor is adapted to send signals to an adjustment device of the flycutting apparatus during machining operations whereby the adjustment device responds to the signals by adjusting the relative position of the rotatable flywheel with respect to the surface of the object. The flycutting apparatus may include a horizontally arranged slide assembly in conjunction with a vertically arranged slide assembly and a translation device for translating movement of the horizontally arranged slide assembly to vertical movement of an associated rotatable flywheel along the vertical slide assembly.

Abstract: A system for creating a position reference signal includes a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT), a magnetically permeable core capable of entering and existing the chamber of the LVDT, a positioning means for moving the core in forward and backward directions through a home location in which the core is within said LVDT, and a signal conditioner means for receiving the signals from the secondary windings and outputting a value so that when the core approaches the home location from the forward direction, the value first changes polarity only when the core passes through the home location. Preferably, the value is always positive or always negative when the core is at a location outside of the chamber.