Abstract: A method for determining the presence of microorganisms in a tests sample. Exogenous DNA containing a luminescent system or other genetic marker system derived from a suitable donor source is introduced by genetic means into a host microorganism which lacks or poorly expresses the donor DNA and whose presence it is desired to detect. Expression of the donor gene system allows the detection of the host microorganism. Compositions of bacteriophages and plasmids as well as a method for detection of antibiotics in a test sample are described.