Abstract: A method and an interferometric device for spectroscopically or spectrometrically examining a sample, comprising: a) generating a laser beam having a wavelength, b) splitting the laser beam into a measurement beam and a reference beam, c) interacting the sample with the measurement beam, d) interacting a reference with the reference beam, e) overlaying the measurement beam and the reference beam, f) detecting a first output beam, g) detecting a second output beam, h) forming a differential signal between the first output signal and the second output signal, i) controlling the differential signal to a predefined target value, j) determining a refractive index of the sample from the adjustment of the phase difference between the measurement beam and the reference beam, k) repeating steps a) to j) for additional wavelengths of the laser beam.

Abstract: A force sensor includes a frame and an oscillation structure which has arms and can oscillate freely in the frame. The arms are fixed to suspension frame regions and run transverse to one another at least in sections. At least one conductor extends along at least two arms. An AC voltage can be applied to the at least one conductor to excite at least one oscillation mode of the oscillation structure with a resonant frequency using Lorentz force. The force sensor is designed such that the suspension regions are at least partially spatially displaced relative to one another when a force is applied to the frame, that the magnitude of the spatial displacement of the suspension regions depends on the magnitude of the force, and that the spatial displacement of the suspension regions causes detuning of the resonant frequency, the magnitude of which depends on the spatial displacement magnitude.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for the representation of tactile characters, in particular in Braille, comprising tactile elements which are combined in groups, wherein a tactile character consists in each case of a matrix of tactile points, which can be arranged in two adjacently arranged columns of points and at least two lines of points, wherein the four possible combinations of two tactile points of tactile points arranged adjacently in a line of points are in each case arranged on a common tactile element.

Abstract: Radically polymerizable composition which contains at least one vinyl ether according to general formula I:

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing lignin particles, comprising the steps of: a) extracting lignin from a lignincontaining starter material, using a mixture that comprises at least one organic solvent and water, and b) precipitating the lignin in the solution from step a).

Abstract: A spindle arrangement for a machine tool, comprising a spindle for driving a tool and at least one actuator for exciting vibration of the tool, characterized in that the spindle arrangement is provided with a compensation device for at least partly compensating the inertia forces produced by the vibration excitation in the spindle region.

Abstract: A method to assess the distribution of electronic files within provider networks, wherein each provider network includes at least one server computer which distributes the electronic files to a multitude of client computers within the provider network. The present teaching also relates to an electronic data analysis device and a system for implementing such a method.

Abstract: A force sensor includes a frame and an oscillation structure which has arms and can oscillate freely in the frame. The arms are fixed to suspension frame regions and run transverse to one another at least in sections. At least one conductor extends along at least two arms. An AC voltage can be applied to the at least one conductor to excite at least one oscillation mode of the oscillation structure with a resonant frequency using Lorentz force. The force sensor is designed such that the suspension regions are at least partially spatially displaced relative to one another when a force is applied to the frame, that the magnitude of the spatial displacement of the suspension regions depends on the magnitude of the force, and that the spatial displacement of the suspension regions causes detuning of the resonant frequency, the magnitude of which depends on the spatial displacement magnitude.

Abstract: A friction stir welding tool includes a rotation-symmetrical shaft having a proximal end, a distal end, and a pin, which is arranged concentrically about the rotation axis and which has a smaller diameter than the shaft at the proximal end thereof, and thus projects as compared to a shoulder region of the shaft. The shaft, at least in the shoulder region, and the pin each consists of a high-temperature-resistant metal or an alloy thereof. The pin and/or the shaft in the shoulder region consist of or are coated by a composite material, which substantially consists of molybdenum, tungsten, niobium or tantalum or an alloy of at least one of these metals, and a reinforcement phase embedded therein and consisting of at least one material having a Mohs hardness >6, a micrometer particle size, and a free enthalpy of formation at 1300 K of less than ?350 kJ/mol O2.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the contactless determining of the speed of a fluid flow and the concentration of at least one analyte therein, wherein a) the flow speed is measured by means of laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) using tracer particles which pass through an interference fringe pattern in the intersection region of two coherent monochromatic light beams and thereby generate a scattered light signal; and b) the concentration of the at least one analyte is measured by means of Raman spectroscopy, wherein a monochromatic light beam is radiated in and the Raman spectrum of the light inelastically scattered on the analyte molecules in the flow is recorded; wherein c) a single light source is used for both the LDA and the Raman spectroscopy, such that both measurements are carried out in the intersection region of two two coherent light beams coming from the light source, wherein the speed is measured by photons elastically scattered onto the tracer particles, and the concentration is measured by p

Abstract: Sensor for determining a rotation angle (?) about a rotation axis. The sensor includes a rotary element mounted in a base element so as to be rotatable about the rotation axis. The rotary element is made from a first material having a first refractive index n1 and is constructed from several layers. At least one light generating device is fixedly arranged relative to the base element. At least one light detection device is fixedly arranged relative to the base element and configured to detect a light signal. At least one refractive structure is arranged in each layer and has a second refractive index n2, wherein n2?n1. The at least one beam path extends at least in a first rotation angle range through the at least one refractive structure in order to be able to assign a specific rotation angle (?) to the light signal detected by the at least one light detection device at least in the first rotation angle range.

Abstract: Radically polymerizable silane according to the general formula I in which R1 is a linear or branched aliphatic C1-C9-alkyl radical, phenyl or alkylated phenyl radical, R2, R3 independently of each other in each case are absent or are a linear or branched aliphatic C1-C20-alkylene radical, which can be interrupted by S or O atoms, R4, R5, R6 independently of each other in each case are —Cl, —O—CH3, —O—C2H5, —CH3 or —C2H5, X is CH2 or O, Y is absent, or is O or NR?, wherein R? is H or a C1-5-alkyl radical, and Z is absent, or is O, NR?, —CO—O—, —CO—NR?—, —O—CO—O—, —O—CO—NR?—, or —NR?—CO—NR?—, wherein R? is H or a C1-5-alkyl radical and wherein the radicals R2 and R3 cannot be absent at the same time and Z is absent if R2 or R3 is absent, polycondensates based thereon and fillers surface-modified therewith.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for free radical-induced cationic frontal polymerization of cationically polymerizable monomers using a combination of at least one cationic polymerization initiator and at least one activator for said at least one initiator, characterized in that benzopinacol is used as said activator.

Abstract: A stereolithography device having a trough (2) for accommodating free-flowing, photopolymerizable material, a construction platform (4) suspended above the trough bottom on a lifting unit (6), and having a heating unit for heating the photopolymerizable material in the trough. The heating unit has a transparent, electrically conductive layer (33), which covers the entire area of at least the exposure region above the trough bottom, and which is provided outside the exposure region on opposing sides of the layer with electrical contacts (20) extended over the opposing sides, which are connected to a controlled electrical supplier to enable heating of the entire area of photopolymerizable material above the trough bottom in the exposure region by current flow through the layer.

Abstract: A photothermal interferometry apparatus and method for detecting a molecule in a sample, in particular for detecting a trace gas species, comprising: a Fabry-Perot interferometer with a first mirror, a second mirror and a first cavity for containing the sample extending between the first and the second mirror, a probe laser for passing a probe laser beam through the first cavity of the Fabry-Perot interferometer, an excitation laser for passing an excitation laser beam through the first cavity of the Fabry-Perot interferometer for exciting the molecule in the sample, and a photodetector unit for detecting the transmitted probe laser beam passed through the first cavity of the Fabry-Perot interferometer.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of thermo-chemical energy storage by carrying out reversible chemical reactions for storing heat energy in the form of chemical energy in one or more ammine complexes of transition metal salts of the formula [Me(NH3)n]X, wherein Me is at least one transition metal ion and X is one or more counterions in an amount sufficient for charge equalization of the complex, by using the following chemical equilibrium: [Me(NH3)n]X+?HRMeX+nNH3, characterized in that said heat storage is performed by endothermic cleavage of the NH3 ligands from the ammine complex and/or that the heat release is performed by exothermic loading of the transition metal salt with the NH3 ligands in at least two steps at different temperatures.

Abstract: A substance exchange device for intracorporal use includes a cavity for receiving blood having at least one blood inlet and at least one blood outlet, a substance exchange membrane adjoining the cavity, a supply duct for supplying an exchange fluid to the substance exchange membrane, a blood pump arranged within the cavity and a drive unit for the blood pump. The blood pump is configured to pump blood in a direction from a blood inlet to a blood outlet of the cavity. The drive unit includes a turbine, which is connected to the supply duct and may be driven by an exchange fluid supplied via the supply duct, where the turbine includes at least a rotor coupled to the blood pump and a stator (turbine nozzle) arranged upstream of the rotor.

Abstract: Disclosed is a magnetic coupling for transmitting torque along an axis of rotation, comprising two coupling parts which can be rotated relative to each other, wherein a drive-side coupling part has a drive-side permanent magnet and wherein an output-side coupling part has an output-side permanent magnet that lies opposite and at a distance from the drive-side permanent magnet along the axis of rotation. One of the coupling parts comprises a diverting element which is at least partially ferromagnetic and is non-rotatably connected to the permanent magnet of said coupling part and one part of the diverting element is disposed radially outside the opposite permanent magnet.

Abstract: A solvothermal synthesis process for polyimides is provided. The process uses solution polymerization of monomers in an appropriate solvent, by mixing the solvent and the monomers and heating the mixture under pressure at temperatures exceeding the respective boiling point at normal pressure. The process produces essentially completely crystalline polyimides by a) mixing and heating the solvent and the monomers by either (i) heating the solvent up to solvothermal conditions and subsequently adding the monomers to initiate the reaction, or (ii) mixing the monomers with the solvent and heating the mixture up to solvothermal conditions within a period of 5 min, the reaction temperature TR being held below the solid-state polymerization temperature TP of the monomers during the polymerization; and b) carrying out the solution polymerization until essentially complete conversion is achieved.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for analysing a solid specimen material by means of ablating particles of the solid specimen material by laser into a carrier liquid, having: a specimen holder for arranging the solid specimen material covered by the carrier liquid, a laser apparatus for irradiating the solid specimen material to produce a suspension of particles of the solid specimen material and the carrier liquid, an analysis apparatus for analysing the particles, an ablation cell with the specimen holder, having a liquid channel for the carrier liquid and having an entry window made of a material that transmits the laser beam, a supply line for supplying the carrier liquid into the liquid channel of the ablation cell and a discharge line for discharging the suspension of particles of the solid specimen material and the carrier liquid from the liquid channel of the ablation cell into the analysis apparatus.