Abstract: A method for locating a golf ball including changing a temperature of a golf ball from a first temperature to a second temperature before use or marking the ball by reflective (mirror) or fluorescent material (e.g., NIR-IR fluorescent dye). The temperature changed ball is struck. Using either a thermal imaging camera with an imaging processing unit or a near-infrared (NIR) imaging camera with an imaging processing unit to produce a digital image of a part of the golf course with a potential golf ball location. An image processing technique is applied to produce an enhanced image of the golf ball location. A thermal imaging camera and a NIR imaging camera for locating a golf ball are described. A non-transitory computer readable media is described.

Abstract: A method for locating a golf ball including changing a temperature of a golf ball from a first temperature to a second temperature before use or marking the ball by reflective (mirror) or fluorescent material (e.g., NIR-IR fluorescent dye). The temperature changed ball is struck. Using either a thermal imaging camera with an imaging processing unit or a near-infrared (NIR) imaging camera with an imaging processing unit to produce a digital image of a part of the golf course with a potential golf ball location. An image processing technique is applied to produce an enhanced image of the golf ball location. A thermal imaging camera and a NIR imaging camera for locating a golf ball are described. A non-transitory computer readable media is described.

Abstract: A method for the simultaneous imaging of different physical properties of an examined medium from the simultaneous joint inversion of multiple datasets of physical field measurements is described. The method introduces Gramian spaces of model parameters and/or their transforms, and Gramian constraints computed as the determinants of the corresponding Gram matrices of the model parameters and/or their transforms. Gramian constraints are introduced as additional regularization terms, and their minimization enforces the correlation between different model parameters and/or their transforms. The method does not require a priori knowledge about specific analytical or empirical or statistical correlations between the different model parameters and/or their attributes, nor does the method require a priori knowledge about specific geometric correlations between different model parameters and/or their attributes.

Abstract: A method for terrain correction of potential field geophysical survey data measured above an examined medium having density and/or magnetization is described, using potential field data including but not limited to gravity and/or magnetic total field and/or vector and/or tensor data. The potential field sensors may measure the gravity and/or magnetic total field and/or vector and/or tensor data at least one receiving position with respect to the examined medium. The terrain of the examined medium may be described by a spatially variable analytic function of the material properties of the examined medium. The terrain response for at least one component of the measured potential field in at least one receiver location (potential field data) may be calculated using special form of surface integral over the terrain based on 3D analog of the Cauchy-type integrals. This surface integration ensures accurate representation of the terrain response.

Abstract: Volume imaging of geological structures and/or man-made objects having physical property using geophysical field sources and/or sensors mounted from at least one data acquisition system. The sources may include natural field sources and/or man-made sources. The sensors may measure at least one component of the geophysical field. The subsets of the geophysical survey formed by the at least one source of geophysical data are selected, and the integrated sensitivity subdomains for selected subsets of the survey are determined by determining the volumes where the integrated sensitivity of the subset is greater than a predetermined threshold. The total sensitivity is determined as the superposition of the sensitivities from all of the integrated sensitivity subdomains.

Abstract: A method for the real time volume imaging of geological structures and/or man-made objects having electrical conductivity is described, using electromagnetic (EM) sources and/or EM sensors mounted from at least one moving platform. The EM sources may include natural EM sources and/or man-made inductive sources and/or man-made galvanic sources. The EM sensors may measure at least one component of the EM field at the at least one sensor position. The EM fields measured for each combination of EM source and EM sensor may be volume imaged in real time using a moving sensitivity domain that captures the finite spatial sensitivity of each combination of EM sources and EM sensors. At least one desired property, such as conductivity, dielectric permittivity and/or induced polarization parameters, may be derived from the volume image, providing a reconstruction or classification of the physical properties of the geological structures and/or man-made objects.

Abstract: A method for measuring the resistivity of geologic formations is described. An electromagnetic field may be generated using at least one stationary long-range transmitter. The frequency of the electromagnetic field may be between and/or including the ULF/ELF range. At least one component of the electromagnetic field may be measured by land, marine, submarine, and/or airborne receiver. A conductivity distribution may be determined based on the at least one measured component. The determined conductivity distribution may be correlated with geological formations and/or hydrocarbon deposits.

Abstract: A method of multinary inversion for imaging objects with discrete physical properties of the examined medium is described. The model parameters of the target area are parameterized in terms of a multinary function of the physical properties that accepts a finite number of discrete values from the continuum of at least one physical property. The multinary function is chosen such that the derivative of the multinary function with respect to the physical property is a continuous and known function. The imaging is based on solving the optimization problem for parametric functional of the multinary functions describing the target model parameters. The method can be applied for multi-modal imaging, such that at least one physical property representing the physical properties of the examined medium, may be derived to provide a reconstruction or classification of the physical properties of the examined medium.

Abstract: A method of multinary inversion for imaging objects with discrete physical properties of the examined medium is described. The model parameters of the target area are parameterized in terms of a multinary function of the physical properties that accepts a finite number of discrete values from the continuum of at least one physical property. The multinary function is chosen such that the derivative of the multinary function with respect to the physical property is a continuous and known function. The imaging is based on solving the optimization problem for parametric functional of the multinary functions describing the target model parameters. The method can be applied for multi-modal imaging, such that at least one physical property representing the physical properties of the examined medium, may be derived to provide a reconstruction or classification of the physical properties of the examined medium.

Abstract: Methods and systems for imaging-while-drilling and look-ahead imaging of a geological formation using a borehole devices measuring multi-component vector and/or tensor logging data. An electromagnetic field transmitter generates an electromagnetic field. Electromagnetic receivers measure the response from the geological formation around the borehole and ahead of the device at various receiving positions. A central processing unit may compute a migration field by simulating the replacement of the receivers with conceptual transmitters, calculate an integrated sensitivity of the recorded electromagnetic field data, compute a reference field, and calculate a cross power spectra of the reference and the migration fields or cross correlation functions between the reference and the migration fields.

Abstract: A method for measuring the resistivity of geologic formations is described. An electromagnetic field may be generated using at least one stationary long-range transmitter. The frequency of the electromagnetic field may be between and/or including the ULF/ELF range. At least one component of the electromagnetic field may be measured by land, marine, submarine, and/or airborne receiver. A conductivity distribution may be determined based on the at least one measured component. The determined conductivity distribution may be correlated with geological formations and/or hydrocarbon deposits.

Abstract: A method for measuring the resistivity of geologic formations is described. An electromagnetic field may be generated using at least one stationary long-range transmitter. The frequency of the electromagnetic field may be between and/or including the ULF/ELF range. At least one component of the electromagnetic field may be measured by land, marine, and/or airborne receiver. A conductivity distribution may be determined based on the at least one measured component. The determined conductivity distribution may be correlated with geological formations and/or hydrocarbon deposits.

Abstract: A method for constructing data acquisition systems with focusing controlled sensitivity, capable of resolving physical parameters of the targeted area of a medium under investigation. The sensors of a data acquisition system may measure different physical fields and signals, generated by natural or artificial sources, including seismic, electromagnetic, gravity and/or magnetic fields, and/or optical, radio, low and high frequency radiation signals. A sensitivity of the data acquisition system to the parameters of the examined medium may be calculated. A priori integrated sensitivity, having maximum values within desirable parts of the examined medium, may be selected. The parameters of the optimal transformation of the original data acquisition system into a new one with integrated sensitivity closely duplicating the preselected sensitivity may be determined.

Abstract: A method for the simultaneous imaging of different physical properties of an examined medium from the simultaneous joint inversion of multiple datasets of physical field measurements is described. The method introduces Gramian spaces of model parameters and/or their transforms, and Gramian constraints computed as the determinants of the corresponding Gram matrices of the model parameters and/or their transforms. Gramian constraints are introduced as additional regularization terms, and their minimization enforces the correlation between different model parameters and/or their transforms. The method does not require a priori knowledge about specific analytical or empirical or statistical correlations between the different model parameters and/or their attributes, nor does the method require a priori knowledge about specific geometric correlations between different model parameters and/or their attributes.

Abstract: Volume imaging of geological structures and/or man-made objects having physical property using geophysical field sources and/or sensors mounted from at least one data acquisition system. The sources may include natural field sources and/or man-made sources. The sensors may measure at least one component of the geophysical field. The subsets of the geophysical survey formed by the at least one source of geophysical data are selected, and the integrated sensitivity subdomains for selected subsets of the survey are determined by determining the volumes where the integrated sensitivity of the subset is greater than a predetermined threshold. The total sensitivity is determined as the superposition of the sensitivities from all of the integrated sensitivity subdomains.

Abstract: A method for terrain correction of potential field geophysical survey data measured above an examined medium having density and/or magnetization is described, using potential field data including but not limited to gravity and/or magnetic total field and/or vector and/or tensor data. The potential field sensors may measure the gravity and/or magnetic total field and/or vector and/or tensor data at least one receiving position with respect to the examined medium. The terrain of the examined medium may be described by a spatially variable analytic function of the material properties of the examined medium. The terrain response for at least one component of the measured potential field in at least one receiver location (potential field data) may be calculated using special form of surface integral over the terrain based on 3D analog of the Cauchy-type integrals. This surface integration ensures accurate representation of the terrain response.

Abstract: The method and apparatus for determining the conductivity of anisotropic formations surrounding a borehole. The method comprises measuring the gradient of the magnetic field by an electromagnet logging tool in a borehole in the subsurface formation. The instrument comprises one or several closely positioned parallel receiver coils and one or several closely positioned parallel transmitter coils with the magnetic direction of the transmitter coils parallel or different from the magnetic moment direction of the receiver coils. In an embodiment, a gradient induction instrument consists of a tri-axial transmitter array and up to 27 pairs of receiver coils, measuring some or all magnetic gradient components.

Abstract: A method for the real time volume imaging of geological structures and/or man-made objects having electrical conductivity is described, using electromagnetic (EM) sources and/or EM sensors mounted from at least one moving platform. The EM sources may include natural EM sources and/or man-made inductive sources and/or man-made galvanic sources. The EM sensors may measure at least one component of the EM field at the at least one sensor position. The EM fields measured for each combination of EM source and EM sensor may be volume imaged in real time using a moving sensitivity domain that captures the finite spatial sensitivity of each combination of EM sources and EM sensors. At least one desired property, such as conductivity, dielectric permittivity and/or induced polarization parameters, may be derived from the volume image, providing a reconstruction or classification of the physical properties of the geological structures and/or man-made objects.

Abstract: Methods and systems for imaging-while-drilling and look-ahead imaging of a geological formation using a borehole devices measuring multi-component vector and/or tensor logging data. An electromagnetic field transmitter generates an electromagnetic field. Electromagnetic receivers measure the response from the geological formation around the borehole and ahead of the device at various receiving positions. A central processing unit may compute a migration field by simulating the replacement of the receivers with conceptual transmitters, calculate an integrated sensitivity of the recorded electromagnetic field data, compute a reference field, and calculate a cross power spectra of the reference and the migration fields or cross correlation functions between the reference and the migration fields.

Abstract: A method for measuring the resistivity of sea-bed formations is described. An electromagnetic field is generated using at least one stationary long-range transmitter. The frequency of the electromagnetic field is between and/or including the ULF/ELF range. At least one component of the electromagnetic field is measured. A conductivity distribution is determined based on the at least one measured component. The determined conductivity distribution is correlated with geological formations and/or hydrocarbon deposits.