Abstract: Articles and methods regarding composite conductor materials comprising a first conductive material layer and a first carbonaceous material layer. In certain embodiments, the first carbonaceous material layer comprises an sp2 hybridized carbon compound. In certain embodiments, the electrical conductivity of the composite conductive material can be controlled and exhibits a conductivity at least 1.5% greater than the conductivity of the first conductive material layer alone.

Abstract: A two-step process for the coating of magnesium and its alloys is disclosed. The first step comprises immersing the magnesium workpiece in an aqueous solution comprising about 0.2 to 5 molar ammonium fluoride having a pH of about 5 to 8 and a temperature of about 40.degree. to 100.degree. C. The second step is an electrochemical treatment of the pretreated article in an aqueous electrolytic solution having a pH of at least about 12.5 and which solution comprises about 2 to 12 g/L of a aqueous soluble hydroxide, about 2 to 15 g/L of a fluoride-containing composition selected from the group consisting of fluorides and fluorosilicates, and about 5 to 30 g/L of a silicate. This process results in a superior coating which has increased abrasion and corrosion resistance.

Abstract: A two-step process for the coating of magnesium and its alloys is disclosed. The first step comprises immersing the magnesium workpiece in a first electrochemical solution comprising about 3 to 10 wt-% of a hydroxide and about 5 to 30 wt-% of a fluoride having a pH of at least about 12. By controlling a current density to about 10 to 200 mA/cm.sup.2, an increasing voltage differential is established between an anode comprising the pretreated article and a cathode also in contact with the electrolytic solution. Next, the article is immersed in an aqueous electrolytic solution having a pH of at least about 11 and which solution is prepared from components comprising a water soluble hydroxide, a fluoride source and a water soluble silicate in amounts to result in an addition of about 2 to 15 g of a hydroxide per liter of solution, about 2 to 14 g of a fluoride per liter of solution and about 5 to 40 g of a silicate per liter of solution. Again, by controlling the current density to about 5 to 100 mA/cm.sup.

Abstract: A two-step process for the coating of magnesium and its alloys is disclosed. The first step comprises immersing the magnesium workpiece in a first electrochemical solution comprising about 3 to 10 wt-% of a hydroxide and about 5 to 30 wt-% of a fluoride having a pH of at least about 12. By controlling a current density to about 10 to 200 mA/cm.sup.2, an increasing voltage differential is established between an anode comprising the pretreated article and a cathode also in contact with the electrolytic solution. Next, the article is immersed in an aqueous electrolytic solution having a pH of at least about 11 and which solution is prepared from components comprising a water soluble hydroxide, a water soluble fluoride source and a water soluble silicate in amounts to result in an addition of about 2 to 15 g of a hydroxide per liter of solution, about 2 to 14 g of a fluoride per liter of solution and about 5 to 40 g of a silicate per liter of solution.

Abstract: A two-step process for the coating of magnesium and its alloys is disclosed. The first step comprises immersing the magnesium workpiece in an aqueous solution comprising about 0.2 to 5 molar ammonium fluoride having a pH of about 5 to 8 and a temperature of about 40.degree. to 100.degree. C. The second step is an electrochemical treatment of the pretreated article in an aqueous electrolytic solution having a pH of at least about 12.5 and which solution comprises about 2 to 12 g/L of a aqueous soluble hydroxide, about 2 to 15 g/L of a fluoride-containing composition selected from the group consisting of fluorides and fluorosilicates, and about 5 to 30 g/L of a silicate. This process results in a superior coating which has increased abrasion and corrosion resistance.