Abstract: An electrochemical cell comprises as an anode, a lithium transition metal oxide or sulphide compound which has a [B2]X4n? spinel-type framework structure of an A[B2]X4 spinel wherein A and B are metal cations selected from Li, Ti, V, Mn, Fe and Co, X is oxygen or sulphur, and n? refers to the overall charge of the structural unit [B2]X4 of the framework structure. The transition metal cation in the fully discharged state has a mean oxidation state greater than +3 for Ti, +3 for V, +3.5 for Mn, +2 for Fe and +2 for Co. The cell includes as a cathode, a lithium metal oxide or sulphide compound. An electrically insulative lithium containing liquid or polymeric electronically conductive electrolyte is provided between the anode and the cathode.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell comprises as an anode, a lithium transition metal oxide or sulphide compound which has a [B2]X4n? spinel-type framework structure of an A[B2]X4 spinel wherein A and B are metal cations selected from Li, Ti, V, Mn, Fe and Co, X is oxygen or sulphur, and n? refers to the overall charge of the structural unit [B2]X4 of the framework structure. The transition metal cation in the fully discharged state has a mean oxidation state greater than +3 for Ti, +3 for V, +3,5 for Mn, +2 for Fe and +2 for Co. The cell includes as a cathode, a lithium metal oxide or sulphide compound. An electrically insulative lithium containing liquid or polymeric electronically conductive electrolyte is provided between the anode and the cathode.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell comprises as an anode, a lithium transition metal oxide or sulphide compound which as a [B2]X4n? spinel-type framework structure of an A[B2]S4 spinel wherein A and B are metal cations selected from Li, Ti, V, Mn, Fe and Co, X is oxygen or sulphur, and n? refers to the overall charge of the structural unit [B2]X4 of the framework structure. The transition metal cation in the fully discharged state has a mean oxidation state greater than +3 for Ti, +3 for V, +3.5 for Mn, +2 for Fe and +2 for Co. The cell includes as a cathode, a lithium metal oxide or sulphide compound. An electrically insulative lithium containing liquid or polymeric electronically conductive electrolyte is provided between the anode and the cathode.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell comprises as an anode, a lithium transition metal oxide or sulphide compound which has a [B2]X4n? spinel-type framework structure of an A[B2]X4 spinel wherein A and B are metal cations selected from Li, Ti, V, Mn, Fe and Co, X is oxygen or sulphur, and n? refers to the overall charge of the structural unit [B2]X4 of the framework structure. The transition metal cation in the fully discharged state has a mean oxidation state greater than +3 for Ti, +3 for V, +3.5 for Mn, +2 for Fe and +2 for Co. The cell includes as a cathode, a lithium metal oxide or sulphide compound. An electrically insulative lithium containing liquid or polymeric electronically conductive electrolyte is provided between the anode and the cathode.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell comprises as an anode, a lithium transition metal oxide or sulphide compound which as a [B2]X4n? spinel-type framework structure of an A[B2]S4 spinel wherein A and B are metal cations selected from Li, Ti, V, Mn, Fe and Co, X is oxygen or sulphur, and n? refers to the overall charge of the structural unit [B2]X4 of the framework structure. The transition metal cation in the fully discharged state has a mean oxidation state greater than +3 for Ti, +3 for V, +3.5 for Mn, +2 for Fe and +2 for Co. The cell includes as a cathode, a lithium metal oxide or sulphide compound. An electrically insulative lithium containing liquid or polymeric electronically conductive electrolyte is provided between the anode and the cathode.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell comprises as an anode, a lithium transition metal oxide or sulphide compound which as a [B2]X4n? spinel-type framework structure of an A[B2]S4 spinel wherein A and B are metal cations selected from Li, Ti, V, Mn, Fe and Co, X is oxygen or sulphur, and n? refers to the overall charge of the structural unit [B2]X4 of the framework structure. The transition metal cation in the fully discharged state has a mean oxidation state greater than +3 for Ti, +3 for V, +3.5 for Mn, +2 for Fe and +2 for Co. The cell includes as a cathode, a lithium metal oxide or sulphide compound. An electrically insulative lithium containing liquid or polymeric electronically conductive electrolyte is provided between the anode and the cathode.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell comprises as an anode, a lithium transition metal oxide or sulphide compound which has a [B2]X4n? spinel-type framework structure of an A[B2]X4 spinel wherein A and B are metal cations selected from Li, Ti, V, Mn, Fe and Co, X is oxygen or sulphur, and n? refers to the overall charge of the structural unit [B2]X4 of the framework structure. The transition metal cation in the fully discharged state has a mean oxidation state greater than +3 for Ti, +3 for V, +3,5 for Mn, +2 for Fe and +2 for Co. The cell includes as a cathode, a lithium metal oxide or sulphide compound. An electrically insulative lithium containing liquid or polymeric electronically conductive electrolyte is provided between the anode and the cathode.

Abstract: An implant includes a body of non-resorbable bioactive material, with zones of resorbable bioactive material located in the body of non-resorbable material. The sizes of a major proportion of the zones of resorbable material are from 10 to 500 microns.

Abstract: In a reciprocating engine, power strokes of pistons apply torque to a crankshaft causing it to twist proportionally. Datum time moments are established by triggers rotating with, at one end of, the crank shaft and a sensor sensing passing of the triggers. At an opposed end, ring gear teeth trigger a sensor. At no load, zero twist occurs and arrival time moments of the triggers in relation to the datum time moments are predictable. Under load, twisting in the crank shaft causes the arrival time moments to be delayed, the time lag being proportional to the twist, bearing in mind the effect of rotational speed. With information about physical twist-torque characteristics of the crankshaft, torque values are calculated from the measured twist values, and are used in engine management. The invention can be applied to any shaft, for example also a main shaft of a gas turbine engine.

Abstract: The invention relates to a filtration system. The filtration system comprises a filter unit having a housing enclosing a filter element. The unit has an inlet into the housing upstream of the filter element. The unit also has a retentate outlet from the housing upstream of the filter element, and a permeate outlet from the housing, downstream of the filter element. The permeate outlet is isolated from the retentate outlet and inlet by the filter element, while the retentate outlet is spaced from the inlet and in communication therewith. The system also includes a bundle made up of a plurality of releasably interconnected modular members at least one of which includes a valve, the bundle forming a flow control unit which controls fluid flow from the inlet to the permeate outlet. The invention also provides the filter unit of the system.

Abstract: An electrochemical cell comprises as an anode, a lithium transition metal oxide or sulphide compound which has a [B2]X4n− spinel-type framework structure of an A[B2]X4 spinel wherein A and B are metal cations selected from Li, Ti, V, Mn, Fe and Co, X is oxygen or sulphur, and n− refers to the overall charge of the structural unit [B2]X4 of the framework structure. The transition metal cation in the fully discharged state has a mean oxidation state greater than +3 for Ti, +3 for V, +3,5 for Mn, +2 for Fe and +2 for Co. The cell includes as a cathode, a lithium metal oxide or sulphide compound. An electrically insulative lithium containing liquid or polymeric electronically conductive electrolyte is provided between the anode and the cathode.

Abstract: This invention relates to a dielectric heating device. More particularly, it relates to a dielectric heating device which employs microwave heating, suitable for heating or cooking foodstuffs and suitable for, but not restricted to, use as a domestic or institutional microwave oven.

Abstract: The invention provides a dielectric heating device. The device includes a plurality of electrically conductive side walls which are electrically interconnected in use and arranged in series to define a heating cavity. At least one pair of adjacent side walls has its walls inclined to each other at a corner having an included angle selected from the group consisting of acute angles and obtuse angles. At least one electromagnetic power source capable of emitting electromagnetic radiation suitable for dielectric heating is arranged to feed waves of such radiation into the cavity with circular polarization of the waves, to cause the cavity to act as a multimode resonant heating cavity.

Abstract: An electrical cable containment device includes an elongate flexible member having several containment passages extending the length of the device. Each passage has an entrance opening within which runs the length of the passage for inserting electrical cable laterally into the passage. The flexible member is formed of a plurality of relatively short elements, each of said elements having male and female connection formations formed on respective opposite ends hereof, the male connection formation on one element being connectable to the female connection formation of an adjacent element so that adjacent elements are interconnectaable end-to-end in a chain-like manner. The connection formations are configured to permit articulated movement between adjacent interconnected elements. The connection formations lie on the longitudinal centerline of the device an are configured to permit adjacent elements to articulate relative to each other through a predetermined maximum arc in a full 360.degree.

Abstract: The invention provides a manganese dioxide-based material which is highly crystalline and chemically prepared. The material has a predominantly ramsdellite structure, and has a powder X-ray diffraction pattern (CuK.sub..alpha. radiation) in which the ratio of a [110] peak height to a [201] peak height is at least 0,6:1,0. The material can be used as an electrode material in an electrochemical cell 10.

Abstract: A process for treating a suspension of solid particles in a carrier liquid comprises subjecting the particles in the suspension to gravity settling in a treatment zone. The treatment zone has at least an upper free settling region in which free settling of solid particles through the liquid takes place, a hindered settling region below the free settling region in which hindered settling of particles takes place, and a compaction region below the hindered settling region in which the solid particles are in contact with one another so that a slurry is formed in this region. Clarified liquid is withdrawn from the free settling region. Liquid is allowed, in at least the compaction region, to move upwardly along at least one upwardly inclined pathway, while at least partially protected from settling solid particles. Slurry is withdrawn from the compaction region.

Abstract: A set of surgical instruments which comprises a saw guide and a drill guide respectively for guiding a saw blade cutting a bone and for guiding a drill bit for thereafter forming a passage in the bone. The saw guide has a seat formation for seating against the bone, and a guide formation for guiding the saw. The drill guide comprises a bit guide and an anchor to align the bit guide relative to the cut. Also provided are a saw guide and a drill guide; and a method of carrying out an osteotomy procedure by making an oblique cut through a long bone at a position where bone portions which are misaligned intersect each other to provide two bone fragments, whereafter they are loosely bolted together and then rotated about the axis provided by the bolting until the misalignment is reduced, after which they are bolted tightly together.

Abstract: A process for treating a suspension of solid particles in a carrier liquid comprises subjecting the particles in the suspension to gravity settling in a treatment zone. The treatment zone has at least an upper free settling region in which free settling of solid particles through the liquid takes place, a hindered settling region below the free settling region in which hindered settling of particles takes place, and a compaction region below the hindered settling region in which the solid particles are in contact with one another so that a slurry is formed in this region. Clarified liquid is withdrawn from the free settling region. Liquid is allowed, in at least the compaction region, to move upwardly along at least one upwardly inclined pathway, while at least partially protected from settling solid particles. Slurry is withdrawn from the compaction region.

Abstract: A set of surgical instruments which comprises a saw guide and a drill guide respectively for guiding a saw blade cutting a bone and for guiding a drill bit for thereafter forming a passage in the bone. The saw guide has a seat formation for seating against the bone, and a guide formation for guiding the saw. The drill guide comprises a bit guide and an anchor to align the bit guide relative to the cut. Also provided are a saw guide and a drill guide; and a method of carrying out an osteotomy procedure by making an oblique cut through a long bone at a position where bone portions which are misaligned intersect each other to provide two bone fragments, whereafter they are loosely bolted together and then rotated about the axis provided by the bolting until the misalignment is reduced, after which they are bolted tightly together.

Abstract: An orthopaedic caliper 40 has an orthopaedic device 42 having a lower portion 48 and an upper portion 50. The portion 48 is attached snugly and not tightly, to a thigh. The upper portion 50 is a moulding of deformable, stretch resistant material. It is of concave or cradle shape to fit an upper portion of the thigh and a lower portion of a buttock. The portion 48 cannot dig into soft tissue and thus cannot become ischial weight bearing. It merely exerts a predominantly horizontal force on the body. This causes the user to assume a substantially normal posture and gait and the leg bones of the user to bear the weight. A bulge 50.3, to accommodate the buttock, collapses when the user is seated to prevent pressure points on bony protuberances and pressure underneath the thigh.