Abstract: The present invention is a method and apparatus for achieving high work output per unit volume in micro-robotic actuators, and in particular TiNi actuators. Such actuators are attractive as a means of powering nano-robotic movement, and are being developed for manipulation of structures at near the molecular scale. In these very small devices (one micron scale), one means of delivery of energy is by electron beams. Movement of mechanical structures a few microns in extent has been demonstrated in a scanning electron microscope. Results of these and subsequent experiments will be described, with a description of potential structures for fabricating moving a microscopic x-y stage.

Abstract: The subject recoil pad for rifles and shotguns is a one-piece plastic spring comprising a base which attaches to the end of the butt of the rifle or shotgun, a working part which, in use, contacts the user's shoulder and two struts interconnecting the base and working part. In plan view the pad has an elongated egg shape, matching the shape of the end of the butt. The base, working part and struts are all essentially flat, the base and working part being parallel to each other and about 3/8 of an inch apart. The struts extend from the ends of the working part at an angle to the base so that the junctures of the struts and base are some distance from the ends of the base. The angles are in the range of 30.degree. to 50.degree. with 40.degree. preferred.