Abstract: A three-dimensional laminating and shaping apparatus capable of measuring the quality of a three-dimensional laminated and shaped object in real time during shaping of the three-dimensional laminated and shaped object includes a material ejector that ejects the material of the three-dimensional laminated and shaped object onto a shaping table on which the three-dimensional laminated and shaped object is shaped, a light beam irradiator that irradiates the ejected material with a light beam, a data acquirer that acquires monitoring data used to monitor a shaping state of the three-dimensional laminated and shaped object during shaping of the three-dimensional laminated and shaped object, and a shaping quality estimator that estimates shaping quality of the three-dimensional laminated and shaped object based on the monitoring data.

Abstract: In order to well perform recoating regardless of the type of granular material and reuse a refractory aggregate in an unprinted portion without any regeneration process in the manufacture of a three-dimensional lamination-shaped mold, this invention provides a granular material for use in shaping a three-dimensional laminated mold, which is coated with an acid as a catalyst which activates and cures an organic binder for binding the granular material. The acid contains at least one of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, a sulfonic acid and a carboxylic acid, and is one of a mixture of sulfuric acid and another acid, phosphoric acid only, a mixture of phosphoric acid and another acid, sulfonic acid only, a mixture of sulfonic acid and another acid and a mixture of a carboxylic acid and another acid.

Abstract: Even a region where powder is melted is scanned by an electron beam at the highest speed. A three-dimensional shaping apparatus includes an electron gun that generates an electron beam, at least one first deflector that deflects the electron beam one-dimensionally or two-dimensionally, at least one lens that is provided between the electron gun and the first deflector and focuses the electron beam, and a second deflector that is provided between the electron gun and the first deflector and deflects the electron beam one-dimensionally or two-dimensionally.

Abstract: In three-dimensional laminating and shaping, a three-dimensional laminated and shaped object having a corner portion is accurately shaped. A three-dimensional laminating and shaping apparatus includes a material supplier that supplies a material of a three-dimensional laminated and shaped object onto a shaping table, a light beam irradiator that performs irradiation of a light beam, a controller that controls a scanning direction and scanning speed of the light beam, a shaping model acquirer that acquires a shaping model of the three-dimensional laminated and shaped object, a shaping route decider that decides shaping routes based on the acquired shaping model, an extractor that extracts, from the decided shaping routes, a start point and end point of the shaping routes and a relay point at which a direction of the shaping route changes, and an additional route decider that decides additional routes for at least one of the extracted start point, end point, and relay point.

Abstract: The present invention provides a robust metal lamination-shaped object containing aluminum and having no defect. A metal powder used for forming this metal lamination-shaped object is an aluminum-based powder having a volume-based 50% particle diameter larger than or equal to 10 ?m and smaller than 100 ?m when a particle diameter distribution is measured by a laser diffraction-scattering method, a specific surface area smaller than or equal to 0.5 m2/g, and an oxygen amount larger than or equal to 30 mg/m2 and less than or equal to 100 mg/m2 per unit surface area. A relationship between a hydrogen amount (X ml in standard state) per 100 g of the aluminum-based powder and a specific surface area (Y m2/g), and a relationship between the hydrogen amount (X ml in standard state) and an oxygen amount (Z wt %), are respectively in accordance with formulas: X/Y<151 and Z/X>0.0022.

Abstract: Excessive evaporation of powder is prevented. A three-dimensional shaping apparatus includes an electron gun that generates an electron beam, at least one deflector that deflects the electron beam one- or two-dimensionally, at least one lens that is provided between the electron gun and the deflector, and that focuses the electron beam, and a controller that controls the deflection direction and scanning speed of the deflector, the deflector scanning and irradiating the predetermined regions. The three-dimensional shaping apparatus further includes a controller that controls the cross-sectional diameter of the electron beam. The process step of melting the powder is divided into two process steps, namely the first melting step and the second melting step in the sequential order of the process steps. In the first melting step, the powder is given the amount of unit-area heat necessary to raise the temperature of the powder from its preheating temperature to its melting point.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a metal powder which shortens a lamination-shaping time and facilitates the removal of an unnecessary powder after lamination-shaping by decreasing a pre-sintering temperature by using a processed metal powder. This metal powder for lamination-shaping is obtained by coating the surface of a powder of a nickel-based alloy with a conductive material. When the powder is the powder of the nickel-based alloy containing nickel as a main component and chromium and iron as primary subcomponents, the powder is coated, e.g., plated with nickel as the conductive material. The particle diameter range of the powder of the nickel-based alloy is 10 to 200 ?m, preferably 25 to 150 ?m, and more preferably 45 to 105 ?m. The thickness range of the conductive material is 0.1 to 1 ?m, and preferably 0.3 ?m or more.

Abstract: A recoater that is two-dimensionally driven is cooled by a simple structure. A three-dimensional laminating and shaping apparatus includes at least one material spreader that spreads a material of a three-dimensional laminated and shaped object, a temperature measurer that measures a temperature of the material spreader, at least one cooler that cools the material spreader and is provided at a standby position at which the material spreader stands by while the material is not spread, and a controller that controls the material spreader. The controller moves the material spreader to the standby position to bring the material spreader and the cooler into contact with each other.

Abstract: A powder convergence improves without varying the flow velocity and powder density of a powder flow. A processing nozzle includes an inner cone including a beam path that passes light from a light source, an outer cone arranged outside the inner cone, a fluid ejection channel formed by a gap between the inner cone and the outer cone, and including an ejection port that opens toward a process surface, and a fluid guide channel having a flow inlet for a fluid. The fluid guide channel guides the fluid toward the fluid ejection channel in a direction away from the beam path.

Abstract: A branch location is arranged close to a nozzle, and the channel lengths are the same. A processing nozzle that includes a beam path for passing light from a light source and ejects a fluid containing a processing material from an ejection port includes a supply pipe that is arranged outside the beam path through which the light passes, and supplies the fluid, and a first branch pipe and a second branch pipe that supply the fluid from the supply pipe to the ejection port, and have the same total length. The first branch pipe includes a first bent portion having a first shape on an upstream side of the fluid, and a second bent portion having a second shape on a downstream side of the fluid, and the second branch pipe includes a third bent portion having the first shape on the upstream side of the fluid, and a fourth bent portion having the second shape on the downstream side of the fluid.

Abstract: A variation in coupling ratio of output light from a laser element to an optical fiber is suppressed. A semiconductor laser module including a plurality of semiconductor laser elements, an optical fiber, a condenser that condenses a laser beam emitted from each of the semiconductor laser elements to the optical fiber, and a housing that implements the laser elements, the condenser, and the optical fiber includes at least one thin plate that is arranged between the laser elements and a top of the housing, and arranged on the top to form a gap with the top.

Abstract: The stop time of a whole apparatus caused by planning of shaping, maintenance, replacement of a material, or the like is shortened. A three-dimensional laminating and shaping apparatus includes a plurality of shaping chambers, at least one material supplier that supplies a material of a three-dimensional laminated and shaped object onto a shaping table in each of the shaping chambers, at least one light beam irradiator that irradiates the material with a light beam, and a controller that controls the material supplier and the light beam irradiator. If the material supplier supplies the material onto one of the shaping tables, the controller controls the light beam irradiator to perform irradiation of the light beam onto the other one of the shaping tables.

Abstract: This invention provides a laminating and fabricating control apparatus for correcting a laser irradiation position in correspondence with a shift of the laser irradiation position during laminating and fabricating by an optical fabricating unit. The laminating and fabricating control apparatus controls a laminating and fabricating unit that includes a squeezing blade configured to spread a laminating material on an upper layer of a laminated and fabricated object, and an irradiator configured to irradiate the laminating material, to fabricate the laminated and fabricated object. The laminating and fabricating control apparatus includes a position shift acquirer that acquires a shift of an irradiation position of irradiation light on a surface of the squeezing blade when receiving the irradiation light from the irradiator, and an irradiation position corrector that corrects the irradiation position by the irradiator based on the shift of the irradiation position.

Abstract: This invention provides a three-dimensional laminating and fabricating system that can remove the influence of a gas flow between the irradiation positions by a plurality of irradiators.

Abstract: The shaping speed of a three-dimensional laminated and shaped object by a three-dimensional laminating and shaping apparatus is increased. There is provided a three-dimensional laminating and shaping apparatus for shaping a three-dimensional laminated and shaped object by irradiating a powder with an electron beam. The three-dimensional laminating and shaping apparatus includes a shaping box in which the three-dimensional laminated and shaped object is shaped. The three-dimensional laminating and shaping apparatus includes a heating unit for preheating that is arranged outside the shaping box. The heating unit for preheating is arranged on a side surface side of the shaping box. Furthermore, the heating units for preheating are arranged to surround the shaping box from side surfaces.

Abstract: A three-dimensional laminating and shaping apparatus capable of measuring the quality of a three-dimensional laminated and shaped object in real time during shaping of the three-dimensional laminated and shaped object includes a material ejector that ejects the material of the three-dimensional laminated and shaped object onto a shaping table on which the three-dimensional laminated and shaped object is shaped, a light beam irradiator that irradiates the ejected material with a light beam, a data acquirer that acquires monitoring data used to monitor a shaping state of the three-dimensional laminated and shaped object during shaping of the three-dimensional laminated and shaped object, and a shaping quality estimator that estimates shaping quality of the three-dimensional laminated and shaped object based on the monitoring data.

Abstract: The mobility of an optical processing apparatus is improved. There is provided an optical processing apparatus for scanning a processing region having an at least one-dimensional spread by moving a nozzle head while irradiating the processing region with an optical processing light beam via the nozzle head, including a light source that emits, to air, the optical processing light beam toward the nozzle head, a nozzle head that includes a hollow nozzle in a vertical direction and a light beam direction changing optical system which receives the light beam emitted from the light source and propagated in the air, and changes a propagation direction of the received light beam to a direction of a currently processed processing point in the processing region, and a main scanning direction moving mechanism that moves the nozzle head by causing the nozzle head to scan in a main scanning direction of the processing region.

Abstract: This invention can maintain the temperature of the shaping plane in a three-dimensional layer-by-layer shaping apparatus. A three-dimensional layer-by-layer shaping apparatus includes a material spreader that spreads the material or materials of a three-dimensional layer-by-layer shaped object onto the shaping plane on which the three-dimensional layer-by-layer shaped object is to be shaped; an electron gun that generates an electron beam; at least one deflector that deflects the electron beam so that it scans the shaping plane one- or two-dimensionally; at least one lens that is positioned between the electron gun and the deflector, and focuses the electron beam; a focus controller that controls the focus of the electron beam based on which region is to be scanned by the electron beam; and a controller that controls the deflecting direction of the deflector and the scanning rate.

Abstract: A high-precision three-dimensional laminated and shaped object is shaped. A three-dimensional laminating and shaping apparatus includes a material ejector that ejects a material of the three-dimensional laminated and shaped object onto a shaping table. The three-dimensional laminating and shaping apparatus also includes a light beam irradiator that irradiates the ejected material with a light beam. Furthermore, the three-dimensional laminating and shaping apparatus includes a light beam path controller that is arranged on a light beam path of the light beam, detects a material focus position on the shaping table, and controls the light beam path of the light beam based on the detected material focus position. The light beam path controller aligns the light beam focus position with respect to the material focus position.

Abstract: A line inkjet head cleaning apparatus for effectively cleaning a long line inkjet head includes a wiper fixer extending in a longitudinal direction of a line inkjet head as a cleaning target and having a predetermined width in a vertical direction, a cleaning wiper being fixed to an upper end thereof, a cleaning solution tank having a predetermined volume accommodating the wiper fixer and having an opening in an upper surface, and a driver that vertically moves the wiper fixer between a cleaning solution in the cleaning solution tank and the line inkjet head as a cleaning target positioned above the opening.