Abstract: A master-slave manipulator apparatus and a control method therefor, in which a movement which an operator does not intend is prevented, thereby reflecting the operator's intention accurately and correctly, includes a master manipulator for conducting an operation input therewith, a controller for processing the operation input, and a slave manipulator for operating upon drive instruction from the controller, wherein the master manipulator includes a plurality of force detectors, and the controller decides a driver shaft, by comparing an output from a pattern producing means for producing a generation pattern of the outputs of the plurality of force detectors to a pattern stored in a memory means in advance, thereby removing the operation input which is caused unconsciously in the operation input of the master manipulator.

Abstract: A magnetic resonance apparatus wherein an excitation pulse and refocusing pulse are applied to the spins of 1.sub.H and a return pulse is applied at an echo time. A plurality of inversion pulses having different frequency bands from each other are applied, at an interval between the excitation pulse to the spins of 1.sub.H and the return pulse, to the spins of 13.sub.C spin-spin coupled to 1.sub.H. By doing so, a polarization transfer occurs from the spins of the 1.sub.H to the spines of the 13.sub.C. And an excitation pulse is applied to the spins of the 13.sub.C simultaneously with or after the return pulse to the spins of the 1.sub.H. By doing so, magnetic resonance signal of the 13.sub.C is enhanced through the polarization transfer. There are sometimes the cases where, through the returning of the polarization from the 13.sub.C to the 1.sub.H, it is possible to receive the information on the spins of 13.sub.C from the spins of the 1.sub.H.

Abstract: There is disclosed an area detection apparatus in which a reference image having a predetermined pattern is prepared beforehand, and an area having the same pattern as the reference image is detected from an inputted search image. A reference image, in which only a pattern is determined, but density values for each area are not determined, is prepared. Respective density mean values for partial areas of the noticed area, each of which correspond to the associated one of partial areas of the reference area, are allocated to the reference area. A correlation operation is performed between the noticed area and the reference image to which the density mean values are allocated. The area detection apparatus is capable of detecting areas with greater accuracy, involving no necessity for an especial hardware or no greatly increasing an amount of operations, even if brightness is varied.

Abstract: A measuring apparatus of absorption information of scattering medium, comprising a light source for generating pulsed light, a light incidence section for making the pulsed light incident to a scattering medium, a light receiving section for receiving the light having propagated inside the measured object, a signal detecting section for temporally cutting a portion out of a light signal obtained by the light receiving section to acquire a measurement signal corresponding to the cut-out signal, a first arithmetic section for performing a measurement for acquiring measurement signals respectively at plural different timings or the like and for deriving a time integration value and a mean optical pathlength for each of the plural measurement signals obtained, and a second arithmetic section for calculating a change amount of concentration of an absorptive constituent, based on a predetermined relation among plural time integration values, plural mean optical pathlengths, an absorption coefficient per unit concen

Abstract: First and second RF pulses are applied to a .sup.1 H and, simultaneously with or after the application of the second RF pulse, a third RF pulse is applied to the .sup.13 C magnetically coupled to the .sup.1 H, whereby there occurs a first polarization transfer from the spin of the .sup.1 H to the spin of the .sup.13 C. After the first polarization transfer, a fourth RF pulse is applied to the .sup.13 C. After the application of the fourth RF pulse, a fifth RF pulse is applied to the .sup.1 H together with a first slice gradient magnetic pulse. By doing so, those .sup.1 H spins in the first area are selectively excited, there occurs a second polarization transfer from the spin of the .sup.13 C to the spin of the .sup.1 H and those first MR signals are collected from those spins of the .sup.1 H in the first area experiencing the first and second polarization transfers. After the collection of a first MR signal, a sixth RF pulse is applied to the .sup.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a walk assisting apparatus which enables persons having walking difficulties due to leg paralysis or other conditions to make the alternate walk improved for unassisted walking. The walk assisting apparatus according to the present invention comprises a left and a right full length leg brace swingably connected to left and right outer coxa links, an inner coxa link interconnecting the insides of the thighs of the left and the right leg supports, a swing center of the inner crotch link substantially coinciding with a swing center of the coxa links, so that the inner coxa link allows the leg supports to make the alternate walk properly.

Abstract: The present invention eliminates injection noise in speech produced by esophageal speakers. A speech input signal is digitized. One copy of the digitized signal is used for analysis and the other is passed through a gain switch to an amplifier as output. A Fast Fourier Transform and a mean value of the digitized speech input signal is calculated. The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) is passed through a morphological filter to produce a filtered spectrum. An occurrence of injection noise is detected by calculating a derivative of the filtered spectrum and determining from the mean value and the derivative a location and value of a largest peak and a second largest peak in the filtered spectrum. If the largest peak is lower in frequency than the second largest peak, and if all points above 2 KHz are less than the mean, then an occurrence of injection noise has been detected.

Abstract: Injection noise and silence are detected in an input speech signal and an external amplifier is switched on or off based on the detected injection noise or silence. The input speech signal is digitized and a first copy of the digitized signal is preemphasized. After the input speech signal is preemphasized, a predetermined number of Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCCs) and difference cepstra are calculated for each window of the speech signal. A measure of signal energy and a measure of the rate of change of the signal energy is computed. A second copy of the digitized input speech signal is processed using amplitude summation or by differencing a center-clipped signal. The measures of signal energy, rate of change of the signal energy, the Mel coefficients, difference cepstra, and either the amplitude summation value or the differenced value are combined to form an observation vector.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring characteristics of a scattering medium. A light source irradiates the medium to be measured with a plurality of measurement light beams. A wavelength selector unit selectively extracts diffused light having a particular wavelength. A photodetector unit measures a time response characteristic of the diffused light. The signal processing system drives the light source so as to sequentially cause measurement light beams to be incident on the scattering medium and controls a measurement action of the photodetector unit while analyzing the time-response characteristics so as to calculate the internal information in the scattering medium.

Abstract: A shape measurement apparatus of this invention includes (i) an optical distance measuring device which measures the distance to the point to be measured on the object to be measured, (ii) a position setting/changing mechanism which sets and changes the relative positional relationship between the object to be measured and the optical distance measuring device, and can set, for each point to be measured, a plurality of different angles including .alpha. and -.alpha. (0.degree..ltoreq..alpha..ltoreq.90.degree.

Abstract: A three-dimensional form measuring apparatus of the present invention comprises (i) an optical distance measuring equipment for irradiating an object to be measured with slit-like irradiation light and for receiving, on a two-dimensional light receiving sensor, reflected light from the object; (ii) a position setting mechanism for setting a relative positional relationship between the optical distance measuring equipment and the object; (iii) a signal selecting section which detects whether or not the width and maximum luminance of an optical image reflected by the object are within a predetermined range and thereby selects, as an output signal for preparing data, an output signal of the two-dimensional light receiving sensor concerning the relative positional relationship between the optical distance measuring equipment and the object set by the position setting mechanism; and (iv) a form data preparing section which prepares a three-dimensional form data of the object based on the output signal of the two-d

Abstract: An apparatus for processing a speech signal includes a coefficient calculating circuit for receiving an input signal, and for generating a first value for suppressing a change of level of the input signal; a first delay circuit for receiving the input signal, and for delaying the input signal by a predetermined time; a feature extracting circuit for receiving the input signal, and for deriving a feature value representing a feature of consonants from the input signal; a coefficient control circuit for receiving the first value from the coefficient calculating circuit and the feature value from the feature extracting circuit, and for changing the amplitude and the duration of the first value depending on the feature value, so as to generate a second value; a multiplying circuit for receiving the delayed input signal from the first delay circuit and the second value from the coefficient control circuit, and for multiplying the delayed input signal by the second value.

Abstract: An apparatus for enhancing speech sounds includes an input circuit for receiving speech sounds and for converting said speech into a speech signal; a rectifier for rectifying the speech signal; a first time constant circuit for applying a first time constant to the output of the rectifier; a second time constant circuit for applying a second time constant to the output of the rectifier; a divider for obtaining the ratio of the output of the first time constant circuit to the output of the second time constant circuit; a multiplier for multiplying the speech signal by the ratio obtained by the divider; and an output circuit for converting the output of the multiplier into speech sounds.

Abstract: A speech processing apparatus for obtaining a processed speech which is natural and comfortable for a listener, by refining a gain value assigned for each frequency band in enhancing formants in a power spectrum. The power spectrum, calculated in a frequency analyzing unit, is subject to contrast enhancement in a contrast enhancing unit, and judged as to whether it is a format or not in each frequency band. In a gain value assigning unit, a gain value of 1 is assigned to a formant, and a gain value smaller than 1 is to a frequency other than formant. A threshold value for each frequency band is determined by a threshold value determining unit in accordance with power spectrum of input speech signal, to eliminate the effect of variation in speech level.

Abstract: In an apparatus for speech signal processing, first a coefficient calculation is performed to determine a value for suppressing a change of level of an input signal. Next, an input signal delay is performed to delay the input signal by a time required for the coefficient calculation. Then an output of the input signal delay is multiplied by the value obtained by the coefficient calculation, thereby obtaining an output signal.

Abstract: The adjustment of a noise suppressing apparatus inputs the voice signal with the noises being piled up in it to decide the weight coefficient of the neutral network 130 with a back propagating method so that the errors of the output signal and of the noiseless signal may become minimum, the noise suppressing apparatus where noises in a voice signal are suppressed even in a situation where the positional relation between the noise source and the voice source may often change, and noises offensive to the voice after the noise suppression may not remain, the suppressing effect is not deteriorated even if the time pattern of the input signal is varied.

Abstract: A cell surface antigen determination method for determining an immunocyte having an immune antigen-antibody complex composed of an antigen and an antibody combined therewith in a liquid which contains immunocytes having various antigens and also containing many kinds of antibodies, and an apparatus used in this method. In accordance with the inventive method and apparatus, non-specific reactions are restrained so as to reduce the background without using a complement.