Abstract: A device constituting a transrectal probe comprises a probe body made of a flexible self-supporting polymer material whose degree of flexibility is designed to enable it to comply with the shape of the rectum while having substantially no compression effect on the rectum when inserted therein; the degree of flexibility preferably being defined by a hardness on the Shore A scale of less than about 90. The invention makes it possible to achieve accurate, safe, and reliable positioning of an instrument for detection or therapeutic treatment level with an organ to be observed or treated, and in particular the prostate.

Abstract: The invention relates to an apparatus for a real-time tracking and imaging of objects. The apparatus comprises of a real-time image forming device, a device for coupling the image forming device with a wave generator generating waves adapted to effect appropriate treatment of said object directed towards a target focus, wherein the coupling device includes a device for displacing the image forming device relative to said target focus. The invention offers the advantage of great positional freedom for the image forming device, enhanced resolution and safe observation of objects within the body of a mammal, and in particular a human being. The object is in particular selected from a concretion, a bone or a tumor, notably a cancerous tumor.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and to apparatus determining the exact position of a target relative to a reference of known co-ordinates. The apparatus comprises a source of radiation for forming an image of a target, which image is received by a receiver device situated beyond the target. A mask-forming device is interposed between the receiver device and the source of radiation, the mask-forming device including at least one localization means of known position relative to a reference point and suitable for forming an image in said image-forming radiation, means are also provided for displacing the radiation source in three dimensions, at least between two different angular positions, thereby displacing the co-ordinates of two different images of the target obtained from the two different angular positions of the source. The invention makes it possible to determine the exact position of a target with a very high degree of precision using a method which is simple and which limits the radiation dose.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for manufacturing an acoustic sensor, and also to the sensor. The sensor comprises a piezoelectric sheet (12) mounted on a support (14) and electrically connected to electrodes (16,18) connected by electrical conductors (20,22) to a measurement device, characterized in that the assembly constituted by the sheet (12) and its support (14) is coated with a one-piece polymerizable coating layer (24) which is preferably electrically insulating, such that the portion (24a) of the coating layer (24) overlying the sheet (12) constitutes a protective layer which is rendered non-detachable or essentially non-detachable from the piezoelectric sheet (12). The method for manufacturing this sensor is extremely simple and inexpensive, and the protective layer is non-detachable.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and a device for producing an electric discharge between two electrodes. This method characterized in that the resistance to the passage of the electric arc, at least between the electrodes, is considerably reduced so as to bring it to a resistance value near to or slightly higher than the critical resistance, by interposing at least between the electrodes, an electrically conductive electrolyte contained in an essentially closed reservoir surrounding the electrodes. The invention makes it possible to improve the rate of discharge of an electric current produced between the electrodes, by eliminating substantially completely the latency time.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and to apparatus for detecting and locating a bony region by ultrasound. The apparatus comprises at least one ultrasound transducer component mounted on means for displacing it in three dimensions, which transducer emits signals that are received by processor means for determining the coordinates of a bony region and for storing said coordinates. The invention simplifies the procedure of detecting and locating the bony region and avoids the use of X-rays.

Abstract: An apparatus for the surgical treatment of tissues by thermal effect, in particular the prostate, is disclosed comprising a urethral emitting probe having a front end capable of being inserted in the urethra, provided with a microwave antenna located intermediate or in the vicinity of the front end, the microwave antenna being connected to an external microwave generating device, and working at a frequency and at a power effective to heat the tissues to a predetermined temperature for a period of time sufficient to treat the tissues by thermal effect.

Abstract: The invention relates to an electrical discharge circuit between two electrodes. The circuit includes switch means connected in parallel between the electrodes and constituting a switch that is closed for low frequency currents and that is open for high frequency currents. The discharge circuit may be used to detect and correct the position of an electrode at will, in manner that is simple, reliable, cheap, and suitable for being automated.

Abstract: The invention relates to a measuring method for automatically measuring the volume of a tumor or of a gland, and also to a measuring device. The measuring device comprises an endocavitary detector probe, in particular a transrectal probe, display means, the display means including an image-forming screen forming images of the tumor or of the gland as provided by the probe, outline-marking means for marking the outline of the image of the tumor or of the gland on the image-forming screen, thereby enabling a marked outline to be obtained, computer means for calculating the volume of the tumor or of the gland on the basis of the marked outline, and optional means for storing the marked outline. The invention makes it very easy for a practitioner to determine the volume of a tumor or of a gland to be treated.

Abstract: A positioning device for positioning an instrument in three dimensions, the device comprising at least one arm which is essentially rigid having a first end and a second end, the second end being hinged relative to a support stand via at least one hinge axis, and said instrument being mounted on a support which is connected to the second end of the arm via at least one hinge axis, wherein said instrument comprises an exploration probe and said support for the instrument comprises a device for motion in translation enabling the instrument comprising the exploration probe to be moved in translation relative to the second end of the arm, making it possible to perform exploration for each of the translation positions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method and device for discharging an electric current between two electrodes, comprising considerably reducing the resistance to the passage of electric current at least between the electrodes so as to bring it to a resistance value near to or slightly higher than the critical resistance by interposing a conductive electrolyte between electrodes. This improves the rate of discharge of an electric current produced between the electrodes, by eliminating substantially completely the latency time.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for providing improved electrical contact between an electrical conductor and an electrode. The device is characterized in that it comprises a fixed position nut-forming contact element made of an electrically conductive material and including an axial bore through which the electrode passes, the electrical conductor terminating at the nut-forming element in the form of a connection tab. The nut-forming element advantageously comprises two half-disks for facilitating assembly and disassembly while providing improved electrical contact during operation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for coordinating the initial positions in three dimensions of a device (10) for triggering and focusing shots and a locating arm (14). The apparatus includes structure (20) for calibrating the distance (D) between the free end (14a) of the locating arm (14) and the device (10) for triggering and focusing shots, the calibration structure (20) preferably comprising a link member (22). The invention improves the accuracy with which a target is located and, therefore, the effectiveness with which it is destroyed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and to a device for improving the dische regime of an electric arc produced between two electrodes. The device is characterized in that it includes means an insulating element (32), preferably spherical in shape, for increasing the resistance to the passage of the electric arc (A) between ends of the electrodes (12, 14). By using the invention it is possible to obtain an arc discharge of the critically damped type. The method and the device are preferably used in shock wave generator apparatus for hydraulic lithotripsy.

Abstract: This invention relates to an apparatus for generating high frequency shock waves, which comprises a generator of shock waves by electric discharge between at least two electrodes disposed at least in part in a chamber filled with liquid, and advantageously supplied intermittently with electric current from a source of electric current via a supply connection, the generator device allowing the focusing of the shock waves on a target, and is characterized in that the supply connection for supplying electric current to the electrodes is disposed inside a substantially closed tubular element in order to limit or prevent electro-magnetic leakages. This tubular element is preferably mounted to move in any point in space relatively to the frame and supports the shock wave generating device. Thanks to this apparatus, electro-magnetic leakages are limited or prevented and patients' safety is therefore improved.

Abstract: This invention relates to a device for advancing an electrode-holder elem in particular mounted on a pulse generating apparatus of the type described in U.S. Pat. No. 2,559,227 to Rieber. This advance device comprises a radially projecting element fast with the rear part of the electrode-holder element and a member for controlling same, the radially projecting element being formed by a toothed wheel of fixed axial position with respect to the insulating support and controlled in rotation by two pistons mounted symmetrically on either side of the wheel to control a rotation in both directions. This device allows a greater precision of the advance of the electrode and an increase in the efficiency of destruction of the targets.

Abstract: An apparatus for generating high frequency shock waves having a truncated ellipsoidal reflector is provided. The apparatus has a cavity which constitutes a chamber for reflecting shock waves, the chamber being filled with a dielectric liquid such as water or oil. The apparatus also has a shock wave generator device which generally has two electrodes and a source for selectively and substantially instantaneously providing an electric voltage to the electrodes. The equipotential screen is fast with the ellipsoidal reflector and is grounded by the support formed by the ellipsoidal reflector. This equipotential screen limits electric leakage and thus renders the apparatus safer in operation for destroying targets such as tissues, biliary concretions, kidney stones, etc.