Abstract: An apparatus is provided having a source for illuminating a remote surface with at least one wavelength of light (e.g., in the range of 940 to 970 nm), a detector for receiving returned illumination from the surface and providing an analog signal representative of the returned illumination, and a controller which samples the analog signal to obtain sample data representative of amplitude of light of the source returned from the surface by the detector. The controller determines the presence of water (or moisture, liquid, ice, vapor or heavy gases) on the surface in accordance with the sample data. An audible alarm is activatable by the controller. The source and detector are in a housing in perpendicular or non-perpendicular orientations with respect to the surface. Such housing being mountable at a distance from the surface where water detection is desired.