Abstract: A piston ring is formed with a nitrided layer over all surfaces and formed with a composite chromium plating film over the nitrided layer in the outer circumferential surface. The composite chromium plating film has a network of cracks formed on the outer surface and interior. Spherical alumina particles are fixed in these cracks. The average size of the spherical alumina particles is 0.7 to 10 .mu.m and the dispersion ratio of the spherical alumina particles is 3 to 15 percent by volume.

Abstract: An outer circumferential surface of a piston ring is covered with a physical vapor deposition film, chemical vapor deposition film or composite chromium plating film. The physical vapor deposition film or chemical vapor deposition film consists of chromium or titanium nitrides (for instance CrN, Cr.sub.2 N, a mixture of Cr and Cr.sub.2 N, TiN) or carbides (for instance CrC, TiC). The composite chromium plating film contains carbides (for instance SiC) or nitrides (for instance Si.sub.3 N.sub.4) or oxides (for instance Al.sub.2 O.sub.3) in cracks in the film. A cylinder liner is made of spheroidal graphite cast iron.

Abstract: A chromium alloy plating film is covered on the surface of sliding members and corrosion resistant members. The chromium alloy plating film is a Cr--Mo--I type alloy plating film containing iodine in 0.1 to 1.4 percent by weight and molybdenum in 0.4 to 3.8 percent by weight.

Abstract: The yield of flat powder (6) of Al, Mg or their alloy is enhanced by forming, on a rotary cooling body (4), a film (8) which can prevent the flat metal powder (8) from sticking to the cooling surface. The film (8) adheres to the cooling surface at a force which is sufficient for forming the film but which enables the film material to adhere to the flat powder which then separates from the cooling body (4). The film consists essentially of at least one liquid lower fatty acid and at least one solid higher fatty acid.

Abstract: A Cr.sub.2 N film or a mixed Cr.sub.2 N and Cr film formed by physical vapor deposition on the outer circumferential surface of a piston ring which is in contact with the inner circumferential surface of a cylinder. The axial width of the outer circumferential surface of the piston ring is 0.6 mm or less. The nitrogen content of the film is 11 to 17 percent by weight. The Vicker's hardness of the film is in the range of HV1300 to HV2000. The thickness of the film is 3 .mu.m to 30 .mu.m.

Abstract: A combined oil ring is comprised of paired upper and lower side rails, and a spacer expander. The side rails are made of martensitic stainless steel and are subjected to gas nitriding. The spacer expander is made of austenitic stainless steel, with a substantially U-shaped cross section, and has an under layer formed by soft nitriding, and has a Cr.sub.2 N film. The Cr.sub.2 N film has a hardness of HV1300 to HV2000 and a thickness of 3 .mu.m to 30 .mu.m. The Cr.sub.2 N film is formed by ion plating on the soft-nitrided layer of the outer circumferential surface.

Abstract: A reciprocation control apparatus includes a manifold including delivery and exhaust ports formed therethrough, the manifold being movable between an air delivery/exhaust pipe to a pushing-out cylinder and an air delivery pipe to an air supply. When the manifold is moved to a position in which the delivery and exhaust ports are connected to each other, air is selectively supplied to or exhausted from the head and cap sides of the pushing-out cylinder. Thus, the pushing-out cylinder can easily and simply be controlled in reciprocation. When such a reciprocation control apparatus is incorporated into a ring alignment apparatus, the ring alignment apparatus can easily and simply be switched from one state to another with an automated alignment being carried out to handle a number of ring members.

Abstract: A combined oil ring comprises an oil ring and a coil expander. A curved bar passes through paired end portions of the coil expander. An antirotation member comprises a portion to be inserted into a hole and a portion to be held. Two mutually parallel surfaces of the portion to be held are held between paired end surfaces of the coil expander while the portion to be inserted into a hole is inserted into an antirotation member securing hole formed at the bottom surface of an oil ring groove of a piston. The curved bar passes through a curved bar insertion hole formed in the portion of the antirotation member to be held.

Abstract: Using an arc ion plating apparatus, a metal not capable of forming a carbide or nitride, such as cobalt, nickel or molybdenum is set as a first target, a metal capable of forming a carbide or nitride, such as silicon, titanium, vanadium, chromium, iron, zirconium, niobium or tungsten is set as a second target and nitrogen, acetylene or methane is fed as a process gas to form a film on a piston ring body which is an article to be coated, thereby providing a piston ring comprising a hard film formed on at least its sliding outer face of the piston ring body, said hard film comprising a mixed structure formed of the metal not capable of forming a carbide or nitride and a carbide or nitride of the metal capable of forming a carbide or nitride. In this piston ring, the hard film has so good adhesion to the body material or film toughness that no cracking or film separation tend to occur even when the film is formed in a large thickness.

Abstract: Alloy powder which is low in price and is unlikely to be oxidized on the surface, and a dispersion-type conductor using the alloy powder in which electromigration is not likely to occur. Melt of copper and silver is cooled at a high cooling speed of 10.sup.5 .degree.C./s or higher. Alloy powder having a composition expressed by a chemical formula Cu.sub.x Ag.sub.1-x (where 0.80.ltoreq..times..ltoreq.0.99) is obtained. Also, a dispersion-type conductor is produced by dispersing 100 parts by weight of the alloy powder in between 5-100 parts by weight of a binder. Thus, the low-priced alloy powder and the dispersion-type conductor of high quality and high reliability can be obtained.

Abstract: A hard film is formed on the outer circumferential surface of a piston ring by means of a physical vapor deposition process. The hard film is a ternary film comprising molybdenum, chromium, and 4 to 22 percent nitrogen by weight, and includes at least molybdenum nitride and chromium nitride. The film has a Vickers hardness of 1400 to 2600, and the crystal grain size of the film is less than 1 .mu.m.

Abstract: A high strength aluminum-based alloy, which having a composition of the general formula: Al.sub.bal Q.sub.a M.sub.b X.sub.c T.sub.d, wherein Q represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mn, Cr, V, Mo and W; M represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Co, Ni, Cu and Fe; X represents at least one element selected from rare earth elements including Y or Mm; T represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr and Hf; and a, b, c and d represent the following atomic percentages: 1.ltoreq.a.ltoreq.7, 0>5, 0>c.ltoreq.5 and 0>d.ltoreq.2, and contains quasi-crystals in the structure thereof. The alloy of the present invention is excellent in the hardness and strength at both room temperature and a high temperature, and also in thermal resistance and ductility.

Abstract: A dry cylinder liner has a flange at the outer circumference of the upper part of a liner barrel, and also has a grind relief groove formed below the flange at the outer circumferential surface of the liner barrel. The upper surface and the lower surface of the flange are coated with a coating film comprising a heat resistant resin containing a solid lubricant. The coating film may also be applied to only the lower surface of the liner flange. This coating film may also be applied to the upper surface of a cylinder block that contacts the lower surface of the liner flange.

Abstract: An under coating 2 and a hard film 3 are formed on the outer circumferential surface of a piston ring 1 by an ion plating process. The under coating 2 is composed of at least one of Cr, Cr.sub.2 N, and CrN. The hard film 3 is composed of a hard coating material containing 3 percent to 20 percent by weight of oxygen in a solid solution state in a crystal structure of CrN and having the Vickers hardness of 1600 to 2200.

Abstract: A plurality of piston rings 70 are set at intervals in the axial direction, on the outer circumference of a cylindrical member 6 of a coating jig 5. The coating jig 5 is supported to allow horizontal rotation and conveyed to the coating process by a chain conveyor 40. In the coating process, simultaneously with the rotation of the coating jig 5 by a drive means 51, a pair of coating guns 54 and 55 placed at a position above the coating jig 5, apply a coating to the upper surfaces 70a and the lower surfaces 70b of the piston rings 70 while moving along the axial direction of the coating jig 5.

Abstract: Each side rail of a combined oil ring, which includes a spacer-expander and two side rails, has an ion nitriding treatment layer on an outer peripheral surface of the rail. The inner peripheral surface of each rail may either be a bare surface or have either a soft surface treatment or a hard chrome plating. The upper and lower surfaces of the rail may either be a bare surface or have a soft surface treatment. The method comprises coiling a strip to form a coil, placing the coil on a jig so that only the outer peripheral surface is exposed to the ion nitriding and then cutting the coil to form the individual rails with a gap.

Abstract: Alloy powder which is low in price and is unlikely to be oxidized on the surface, and a dispersion-type conductor using the alloy powder in which electromigration is not likely to occur. Melt of copper and silver is cooled at a high cooling speed of 10.sup.5 .degree. C./s or higher. Alloy powder having a composition expressed by a chemical formula Cu.sub.x Ag.sub.1-x (where 0.80.ltoreq.X.ltoreq.0.99) is obtained. Also, a dispersion-type conductor is produced by dispersing 100 parts by weight of the alloy powder in between 5-100 parts by weight of a binder. Thus, the low-priced alloy powder and the dispersion-type conductor of high quality and high reliability can be obtained.

Abstract: A hard film 2 is applied to cover an outer circumferential surface of a piston ring 1 by an ion plating process. Either 3 percent to 20 percent by weight of oxygen, or 2 percent to 11 percent by weight of carbon is included in a solid solution state in a crystal structure of CrN in the hard film 2. The Vickers hardness of the hard film 2 is in a range of 1600 to 2200.

Abstract: An amorphous magnesium alloy has a composition of Mg.sub.a M.sub.b X.sub.c (M is Zn and/or Ga, X is La, Ce, Mm (misch metal), Y, Nd, Pr, Sm and Gd), a is from 65 to 96.5 atomic %, b is from 3 to 30 atomic %, and c is from 0.2 to 8 atomic %). The magnesium alloy has a high specific strength and does not embrittle at room temperature.

Abstract: An aluminum-alloy, which is wear-resistant and does not wear greatly the opposed cast iron or steel, and which can be warm worked. The alloyings the following composition and structure. Composition: Al.sub.a Si.sub.b M.sub.c X.sub.d T.sub.e (where M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Fe, Co and. Ni; X is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Y, Ce, La and Mm (misch metal); Y is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mn, Cr, V, Ti, Mo, Zr, W, Ta and Hf; a=50-85 atomic %, b=10-49 atomic %, c=0.5-10 atomic %, d=0.5-10 atomic %, e=0-10 atomic %, and a+b+c+d+e=100 atomic %. Structure: super-saturated face-centered cubic crystals and fine Si precipitates.