Abstract: Apparatus and methods for controlling a radiotherapy electron beam. Exemplary embodiments provide for focusing the electron beam at different depths by altering parameters of a plurality of magnets. Exemplary embodiments can also provide for focusing the electron beam at different depths while maintaining the energy level of the electron beam at a consistent level.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for controlling a radiotherapy electron beam. Exemplary embodiments provide for focusing the electron beam at different depths by altering parameters of a plurality of magnets. Exemplary embodiments can also provide for focusing the electron beam at different depths while maintaining the energy level of the electron beam at a consistent level.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for controlling a radiotherapy electron beam. Exemplary embodiments provide for focusing the electron beam at different depths by altering parameters of a plurality of magnets. Exemplary embodiments can also provide for focusing the electron beam at different depths while maintaining the energy level of the electron beam at a consistent level.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for controlling a radiotherapy electron beam. Exemplary embodiments provide for focusing the electron beam at different depths by altering parameters of a plurality of magnets. Exemplary embodiments can also provide for focusing the electron beam at different depths while maintaining the energy level of the electron beam at a consistent level.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of subretinal delivery of therapeutic compositions to the eye of a mammal. Also disclosed are devices useful for the subretinal delivery of therapeutic compositions to the eye of a mammal.

Abstract: A method of diagnosing fibrosis in a subject is provided, comprising the steps of: determining a level of PCPE in a body fluid sample obtained from said subject; and detecting an increased level of PCPE in said body fluid sample relative to a normal control level of PCPE, wherein said increased level of PCPE relative to normal control is indicative of fibrosis in said subject. Furthermore, methods for evaluating the pharmacological efficacy of a drug or a drug candidate in treatment of fibrosis in a patient and for monitoring change of fibrosis in a subject are provided.