Abstract: A compressed video system and method enhances the visual perception of motion for frame rates below 24 frames per second by intentionally introducing a motion smearing for the moving parts of displayed images. The system uses a frame or field buffer between the decompressor and A to D converter that averages the combination of the current frame or field digital video signal values and a progression of decreasing values of previous frame or field elements. Better (e.g. less jerky) moving images with reduced noise generation can be achieved with lower bit rates or bandwidth than with prior systems.

Abstract: A system and method for increasing the color or luminance gray scale levels from, for example 16 to 32, without increasing the transmission bit rate to produce sharper images with less band width requirement. An error level or pedestal is added to the analog signal of each pixel or every other video unit, such as a line. After decompression, the digital signals of one unit are added to those of the adjacent unit--pixel by corresponding pixel--to yield double the gray scale levels but for a signal twice the proper value. The signal value is then divided by two, yielding a signal of the proper value but at twice the number of possible gray scale levels. In 4-bit video, the result is to convey 5-bit video with the use of two adjacent transmitted 4-bit words and to generate the 5-bit word in the post processor after decompression.

Abstract: An apparatus for the treatment of purification of a fluid by treatment with a treating fluid in a flow pipe. The flow pipe has a flat plate orifice located therein, which orifice has an internal diameter of from about 0.7 to about 0.9 of the internal diameter of the pipe. A vena contracta portion is located in the flow pipe at a distance of from 0.25 to 0.5 pipe diameters downstream from said flat plate orifice. An injection nozzle for introducing the treating fluid into the flow pipe extends through the flat plate orifice with the tip of the injection nozzle being located in the vena contracta portion so that the fluid is thoroughly treated by the treating fluid.

Abstract: A clarifier including a lamina comprising a plurality of substantially parallel spaced apart plates extending at an angle to the vertical. The parameters of the lamina are optimized in accordance with disclosed mathematical relationships depending on whether the tank is circular or rectangular. Means for equalizing the flow of the tank are described, as well as means for supplementary removal of additional particulates after the liquid has passed through the lamina.