Abstract: The test arrangement is intended to test, for example, a modem whose transmitter and receiver are coupled to the transmission line by means of a hybrid junction and comprises an echo canceller. The test consists of comparing a test signal applied to the transmitter with the signal restituted by the receiver when the modem is fedback from the line side. The test arrangement comprises an adder one input of which receives the error signal coming from the echo canceller, the other input receiving, during the test the feedback signal, its output being connected to the receiver. Means have been provided to make the signal restituted by the receiver different from the test sequence, when the error signal of the echo canceller exceeds a threshold.

Abstract: In an asynchronous transmission mode, the bit synchronization arrangement receives data signals in the form of binary pulse trains (at A). It includes an oscillator (3) whose output signal (at C) has a frequency F.sub.OS approximately equal to twice the binary rate of the pulse trains and a transition detector (1, 22) which supplies a calibrated voltage pulse (at B.sub.2) at each data signal transition. The oscillator supplies a triangular internal signal (at D) at the frequency F.sub.OS and a phase correction circuit (2) is provided to reduce the algebraic value of the slope of this signal during each calibrated pulse so as to produce a predetermined constant advancing or delaying phase shift according as the calibrated pulse occurs during a negative or a positive ramp of this signal.

Abstract: A receiver used in a data transmission modem having a receive path containing a baseband signal and clock signal, and a transmit path. An echo canceller is employed having a transversal filter connected to the transmit path for generating a synthetic echo signal. A self-adaptive equalizer includes a transversal filter connected to receive a data signal from the receive path. Subtracting means subtract the signals from the echo canceller and equalizer from the baseband signal in the receive path. The subtracting means output is sampled at a sampling rate which satisfies the Shannon criteria with respect to a transmit signal in the transmit path. The filter coefficients are controlled in response to the sampled signal. The second and third clocking signals for the echo canceller and transversal filter and self-adaptive equalizer transversal filter are derived from recovered clock signals.

Abstract: In this transmission system using differential PCM, the local decoder, inporated in the loop of the encoder, and the remote decoder comprise identical filters (5) and (15) each constituted by a cascade arrangement of several filtering sections (F.sub.1 -F.sub.N) of the first and/or of the second order; each section may have one or two controllable coefficients, which are modified at each sampling instant by a modification term which depends upon the product of the difference signal (e) produced in the encoder and the gradient of the difference signal (e) with respect to the controllable coefficient. When the filtering sections (F.sub.1 -F.sub.N) are recursive, the gradients are obtained by applying a signal corresponding to the difference signal (e) to identical recursive sections (F'.sub.1 -F'.sub.N). When non-recursive filtering sections (H.sub.1 -H.sub.L) are used, the gradient calculation sections (H'.sub.1 -H'.sub.L) are recursive with a transfer function inverse to that of the sections (H.sub.1 -H.sub.

Abstract: A modulator transmitting an analog data signal by variation of the frequency of an oscillator comprising an integrator (1, 2) and a bistable circuit with trigger hysteresis (8 to 13). The two-level voltage from the bistable circuit, taken to a terminal of a resistor network (6, 7, 30) connected to the input of the integrator, is formed from the potential O and the potential kU, which is lower than the supply voltage U, applied respectively to the inputs of two analog switches (12, 13) whose outputs are connected to the output of the bistable circuit. The data signal v.sub.e is applied to the input of a conversion circuit (17) arranged to supply voltages v.sub.e1 and v.sub.e2 varying linearly as a function of v.sub.e and symmetrically with respect to kU/2 and applied respectively to the inputs of two further analog switches (26, 27) whose outputs are connected to another terminal in the resistor network. The input and output signals of the inverter (9) of the bistable circuit are used to control the switches.

Abstract: An electroacoustic transducer apparatus which prevents oscillations as a result of acoustic coupling between an acoustic-wave transmitter and a receiver. The transmitter and receiver each comprise an electro-acoustic transducer network. The transducers in each network are arranged so that the phase and amplitude of the signals applied to the transmitter transducers and the signals supplied to an adder circuit by the receiver network transducers (25) to (30) of the receiver network are such that in the oscillation frequency band the radiation pattern of the transmitter network and the directivity pattern of the receiver network are zero in at least one direction. The two networks are arranged relative to each other so that the directions of minimum radiation and directivity correspond to the directions of maximum coupling between the transducers of the two networks.

Abstract: An anti-Larsen circuit for a telephone station in which the listening channel comprises an automatic listening level control circuit, suitably of the type comprising a variable attenuator circuit, a pulse-width modulator and a threshold detector which supplies compression pulses. The transmission channel comprises a circuit for rendering the transmission channel operative or inoperative and also a control circuit. Actuation takes place above a sound-level threshold S.sub.1 and a de-activation below a sound-level threshold S.sub.2 which is smaller than S.sub.1.

Abstract: The system for transmitting information between a central station (SP) and sub-stations (SS1, SS2, SS3) operates, for the transmission from the sub-stations to the central station in accordance with a method (TDMA method) which consists in providing time slots in each of which only one sub-station can transmit, the arrangement of these time slots being determined by a synchronizing signal transmitted via a link from the central station to the substations; this system is characterized in that it comprises at the sub-station ends delay adjustment means (MR1, MR2, MR3 . . .

Abstract: A digital echo canceller is arranged in a digital telephone circuit for PCM-signals in accordance with a pseudo-logarithmic encoding law, for example the A-law of the CCITT, in the proximity of a subscriber line interface circuit having a codec in order to cancel in the near-end speech signals S supplied by the codec to the send path the echo effect Y of the far-end speech signals X conveyed to the codec by the receive path. The echo canceller has circulating shift registers for the signals X and the coefficients C, digital correlation calculation means for obtaining the coefficients C, digital convolution calculation means for obtaining an echo cancellation signal y and digital subtraction calculation means for obtaining near-end speech signals R in which the echo effect Y has been substantially cancelled.

Abstract: An off-hook detector for use in subscriber line interface circuits to indicate status of the subscriber line, or loop, exhibits reduced sensitivity to common mode or longitudinal currents. A central signal from the exchange switches the transmission bridge for the subscriber line from a balanced to an unbalanced condition. In the balanced condition a difference detector indicates loop status. In the unbalanced condition, a comparator compares the voltage on one side of the transmission bridge to a reference voltage to indicate loop status.

Abstract: "Hands free" telephone sets in which there is connected in parallel with the terminals (A) and (B) of a first path (C.sub.1) comprising the coupling circuit of the telephone set in series with a controllable amplifier (11) of the receiving path (6), a second path (C.sub.2) comprising a controllable amplifier (12) which is controlled by a linear regulator (13) which keeps its output signal constant. The gains of the two amplifiers (11) and (12) respond to each other. A device is provided so as to ensure that the gain in the second path remains higher than the gain in the first path. A third controllable amplifier (5) is provided between the microphone (4) and the input terminal (A) which is used in common by the first and second paths; the said means (14) are adjusted in such a way that the electro-acoustic loop which is closed by the second path (C.sub.2) is permanently the source of non-annoying oscillations.

Abstract: Circuitry for avoiding sustained oscillations in a closed-loop system, particularly a loud-speaking telephone set. The object is to avoid sustained annoying oscillations in a looped system, such as a looped electro-acoustic system or a control system. The circuitry comprises a variable-gain amplifier (11) incorporated in a first path (C.sub.1) which forms part of the loop. Connected between the input terminal (A) and the output terminal (B) of the said first path is a second path (C.sub.2) having at least one part which is separate from the first path. A device is provided to ensure that the gain in the second path remains higher than the gain in the first path in the overall frequency band where the oscillations are liable to be produced.

Abstract: A transmission path between two terminal stations for transmitting digital information signals at a predetermined rate in one direction via a forward path and in the other direction via a return path. The transmission path comprises regenerative repeaters. A system for tele-location of these repeaters comprises in one of the terminal stations a transmitter for transmitting tele-location commands to the repeaters via the forward path, carrier signals of the said rate being on-off modulated in this transmitter by an amplitude modulator in accordance with output signals of a command sequence generator, and further comprises in every repeater a loop circuit between forward and return paths having an associated control circuit which cooperates with a detector for detecting the presence of carrier signals in the return path and for receiving tele-location commands.

Abstract: In this subscriber line interface circuit which comprises a pair of amplifiers whose outputs are connected to the subscriber's line, the input terminals of these amplifiers receive by means of negative feedback voltages having opposite phases depending on the transversal current I produced by the line interface circuit and independent of the longitudinal currents I accidentally produced on the subscriber's line. The two load impedances, which are connected between the supply terminals of the amplifiers and the terminals of a d.c. voltage supply source are controlled by means of their control terminals by voltages which have the same characteristics as the voltages applied to the input terminals of the amplifiers but which in addition have been shifted with a certain shift voltage V.sub.z. Consequently, the amplifiers of the line interface circuit operate completely independent of the longitudinal currents.

Abstract: This arrangement comprises a controllable attenuation circuit of the voice signal received, a pulse-duration modulator which produces pulses the duration of which is modulated by the voice signal supplied by the controllable attenuation circuit, an overshoot detection circuit which produces from the modulated pulses a compression pulse each time it is detected that the amplitude of the modulated voice signal reaches a certain threshold, the compression signal produced by the said overshoot detection circuit being applied in the attenuation circuit to an integrating circuit which produces the attenuation control signal. The amplifier of the loudspeaker receives the modulated signal.

Abstract: High-pass, low-pass and band-pass filters are obtained by combining switched-capacitance integrating networks.

Abstract: This system comprises an encoder in which the differential PCM signal to be transmitted is formed as the difference between the incoming linear PCM signal and a prediction signal produced by a prediction filter comprising a local decoder receiving the said differential PCM signal. According to the invention the local decoder and the remote decoder are constructed in an identical manner by means of one or several filtering sections arranged in cascade, each filtering section being of the purely recursive or non-recursive type with one sole coefficient differing from zero and having been provided with its own roundoff (or truncation) device having a step size equal to the quantizing step of the differential PCM signal, the incoming linear PCM signal being rounded (or truncated) in the same manner. This construction enables the cascade arrangement of encoders and decoders without any further degradation of the signal then the degradation produced by the first coding.

Abstract: For feeding a telephone subscriber's line without the use of a transformer, this junctor comprises a symmetrical amplifier whose two input terminals receive two negative feedback voltages derived from a weighted sum current of the currents entering and leaving the subscriber's line. To form this weighted sum current, use is made of a current mirror whose summing and input terminals are connected respectively to one terminal of the supply source and to the corresponding supply terminal of the amplifier, and a voltage divider connected between the output of the current mirror and the other terminal of the supply source and whose intermediate terminal is connected to the other supply terminal of the amplifier. The voltage ratio of the voltage divider is equal to the current ratio of the current mirror. The voltage at the ends of the voltage divider is applied to a voltage follower which is regulated to provide the weighted sum current with the desired amplitude.

Abstract: Apparatus for detecting the closure of a subscriber's telephone line in the presence of an alternating ringing voltage superimposed on a direct voltage comprises circuitry for producing a unidirectional current from the combined alternating and direct voltages. When the line is open no direct current will flow and hence the peak value of successive half cycles will be equal whereas when the loop is closed and direct current flows the peak values of successive peaks will be different. A capacitor (26) is charged by a voltage (U.sub.1), which is proportional to the combined voltage, through a transistor (24), provided that the voltage (U.sub.1) is greater than the voltage across the capacitor, and discharged through a resistor (27). The time constant of the discharge circuit is selected so that when the line is looped the smaller peak is lower than the voltage to which the capacitor is discharged and hence charging current flows into capacitor (26) on alternate peaks of the voltage (U.sub.1) only.

Abstract: A subscriber's connecting network comprising a symmetrical power amplifier which is formed by two pairs of complementary transistors. Resistors having the same values are arranged in collector circuits of the transistors of the symmetrical amplifier for limiting the current in the subscriber's line. In addition, means are present for making the base voltage dependent on the collector voltage of this transistor so that a predetermined voltage is present between these two electrodes in the normal direction of operation. Finally a by-pass capacitor for the speech currents in the subscriber's line is arranged between two input terminals of the symmetrical amplifier. The invention is particularly suitable for a network in which binary signals are used for the generation of ringing signals and metering signals in the subscriber's line.