Abstract: A voice transmission apparatus is provided. The voice transmission apparatus includes a voice input unit, an Analog-to-Digital (AD) converter, a transmission synchronization unit, a channel status determination unit, and a transmission unit. The voice input unit receives an analog voice signal corresponding to a communication session. The AD converter converts the analog voice signal into a digital signal. The transmission synchronization unit generates a transmission target signal by respectively assigning a start identifier and an end identifier to the first frame and final frame of the digital signal corresponding to the communication session. The channel status determination unit determines the status of a channel. The transmission unit transmits the transmission target signal over the channel in such a way that the transmission rate of the transmission target signal is set on a communication session basis depending on the status of the channel.

Abstract: An apparatus for defending a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack from a mobile terminal is provided. The apparatus includes a monitoring unit, a transmission/non-transmission inquiry unit, and a critical file management unit. The monitoring unit monitors all network data transmitted from a mobile terminal to the outside based on the current mode of the mobile terminal. The transmission/non-transmission inquiry unit asks a user whether to transmit corresponding network data to the outside based on the results of monitoring. The critical file management unit manages a critical file which includes information about at least one protocol used by the mobile terminal and at least one service provided using the protocol.

Abstract: Systems and methods for IP communication over a distributed antenna system transport are provided. In one embodiment, a method for providing Ethernet connectivity over a distributed antenna system comprises receiving internet protocol (IP) formatted data from an internet protocol device coupled to a remote unit of a distributed antenna system; sampling wireless radio frequency (RF) signals received at the remote unit to produce digitized RF samples; generating a serial data stream for output to a host unit of the distributed antenna system, the serial data stream further comprising a multiple-timeslot communication frame providing a first partition of bandwidth for transporting the digitized RF samples and a second partition of bandwidth for implementing an Ethernet pipe for transporting the IP formatted data.

Abstract: A method for clock synchronization between higher layers using synchronization information provided from lower layers in multi-clock communication system in which the higher layers and the lower layers use heterogeneous clocks is provided.

Abstract: A method in which a base station transmits a signal to a plurality of terminals in a machine to machine (M2M) communication system, the method including: allocating an M2M device group ID (MGID) that identifies a terminal group to at least one of the plurality of terminals; and sustaining the MGID when the terminal that belongs to the terminal group is in an idle state.

Abstract: Method receiving Multicast Broadcast Service (MBS) in a wireless communication system is provided. The method comprises receiving a Dynamic Service Addition (DSA) message through a primary carrier, from a Base Station (BS); switching from the primary carrier to a secondary carrier based on the DSA message; receiving an MBS Configuration message through the secondary carrier, from the BS; and receiving MBS data through the secondary carrier based on the MBS Configuration message, from the BS.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are an apparatus and method for generating traffic information. The apparatus includes a first information collection unit, a second information collection unit, a comparison and analysis unit, and a computation unit. The first information collection unit collects first sensed data, including first reference sampled data and a plurality of pieces of first surrounding sampled data from a first sensor unit. The second information collection unit collects second sensed data, including second reference sampled data and a plurality of pieces of second surrounding sampled data from a second sensor unit. The comparison and analysis unit determines similarity between the first sensed data and the second sensed data, extracts a first time from the first sensed data, and extracts a second time from the second sensed data. The computation unit calculates the vehicle's average speed.

Abstract: The embodiments of the present invention provide a measurement evaluation method, system and device for a multi-carrier system. The method includes that: UE receives measurement configuration information transmitted by an eNB, where the measurement configuration information comprises a to-be-measured frequency and report configuration; the UE determines signal quality of a measurement reference cell according to the measurement configuration information and current aggregated cells of the UE; the UE performs measurement for signal quality of a target cell on the to-be-measured frequency, and based on the signal quality of the measurement reference cell, performs evaluation for the target cell according to the report configuration; and if an evaluation result indicates that the signal quality of the target cell fulfills a report condition contained in the report configuration, the UE reports the signal quality of the target cell to the eNB.

Abstract: Provided are a resonance tunneling device and a method of manufacturing the resonance tunneling device. The resonance tunneling device includes a substrate, a plurality of electrodes disposed on the substrate, and a nanoparticle layer disposed between the electrodes, and doped with an impurity. The nanoparticle layer uses the impurity to exhibit resonance tunneling where a current peak occurs at a target bias voltage applied between the electrodes.

Abstract: A system includes a first external mounted amplifier (EMA) having a first low-noise amplifier (LNA) coupled to a first antenna, a second EMA having a second LNA coupled to a second antenna, a first splitter coupled between the first antenna and the first LNA, a first phase shifter coupled to the first splitter, and a second mixer coupled to the first phase shifter. The first LNA is operable to receive a first input signal from first antenna. The second LNA is operable to receive a second input signal from second antenna. The first splitter is operable to derive a first sampling signal from first signal. The first phase shifter is operable to shift the phase of first sampling signal to create a second cancelation signal. The second mixer is operable to mix a second input signal derived from second signal with second cancelation signal to create a second output signal.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a gallium-nitride light emitting diode and a manufacturing method thereof and the gallium-nitride light emitting diode includes an n-type nitride semiconductor layer formed on a substrate; an active layer formed on the n-type nitride semiconductor layer; a p-type doped intermediate layer formed on the active layer; and a p-type nitride semiconductor layer formed on the intermediate layer.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment is directed to a system comprising a plurality of connector assemblies. Each of the connector assemblies is configured to read information stored on or in physical communication media that is connected to the ports of the respective connector assembly. The system further comprises an aggregation point communicatively coupled to the plurality of connector assemblies. The aggregation point is configured to automatically discover the connector assemblies and cause each of the connector assemblies to send to the aggregation point at least some of the information read from the physical communication media that is connected to the ports of the respective connector assemblies. The aggregation point is configured to store at least some of the information sent by the connector assemblies to the aggregation point. A reliable packet-based communication protocol is used by the aggregation point to monitor events occurring at at least one connector assembly.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment is directed to a segment of physical communication media. The segment comprises a physical communication medium, a connector attached to the physical communication medium, and a storage device configured to store information therein using a self-defining variable length data field scheme (such as a key-length-value triplet).

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment is directed to a connector assembly. The connector assembly comprises a port having a media interface configured to interface with a storage device interface of a connector. The connector is attached to a segment of physical communication media. The connector also includes a storage device. The connector assembly also comprises a programmable processor configured to execute software that stores information to the storage device using a plurality of redundant storage operations by which a plurality of copies of the information is sequentially stored in the storage device.

Abstract: A connector assembly comprises a plurality of ports. Each of the plurality of ports is configured to receive a respective connector attached to a respective segment of physical communication media. Each of the plurality of ports comprises a respective media interface configured to receive data from a respective storage device attached to the respective connector. The connector assembly is configured to determine if a first connector attached to a first port included in the plurality of ports is defective by determining if a signal level received on the respective media interface associated with the first port has stabilized after a first predetermined amount of time has elapsed since the first connector was connected to the first port. If the signal level has not stabilized after the first predetermined amount of time has elapsed since the first connector was connected to the first port, the first connector is considered defective.

Abstract: Disclosed are an inverter, a NAND gate, and a NOR gate. The inverter includes: a pull-up unit constituted by a second thin film transistor outputting a first power voltage to an output terminal according to a voltage applied to a gate; a pull-down unit constituted by a fifth thin film transistor outputting a ground voltage to the output terminal according to an input signal applied to a gate; and a pull-up driver applying a second power voltage or the ground voltage to the gate of the second thin film transistor according to the input signal.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of manufacturing a solder powder having a diameter of sub-micrometers or several micrometers, the method including: mixing solder powder having a diameter of 10 to 1000 micrometers with a polymer resin to obtain a mixture; heating the mixture to a temperature higher than a melting point of the solder powder in the mixture; applying ultrasonic waves to the heated mixture so that the diameter of the solder powder becomes 0.1 to 10 micrometers; and cooling the mixture to the room temperature without exposing the solder powder of 0.1 to 10 micrometers to the air.

Abstract: One exemplary embodiment is directed to a method of tracking a plurality of communication paths in a connector assembly having a plurality of first attachment points and a plurality of second attachment points. The plurality of first attachment points and the plurality of second attachment points are configured to attach physical communication media to the connector assembly. The method comprises reading, from a storage device associated with the connector assembly first, information indicative of a plurality of communication paths formed within the connector assembly between the first attachment points and the second attachment points. The method further comprises reading second information stored on or in physical communication media that is attached to the connector assembly and communicating the first and second information to an aggregation point that is communicatively coupled to the connector assembly.

Abstract: Provided are fabricating methods of a solar cell capable of displaying a predetermined color. The method includes forming a first electrode on a substrate and forming a light-absorbing layer on the first electrode. The light-absorbing layer may have a composition ratio, a content of the amorphous portion, or an energy bandgap controlled to absorb a light with a predetermined wavelength. In addition, selective transmission layers may be formed on and below the light-absorbing layer to control the color displayed by the solar cell. Furthermore, a second electrode may be formed on the light-absorbing layer.

Abstract: Provided is a method of forming a metal oxide film. In the method, a metal oxide film is formed on a substrate using a coating solution including a metal precursor, and electrical conductivity of the metal oxide film is controlled.