Abstract: Apparatuses and methods of sending, to a policy control unit of a mobile communications network, congestion information for a plurality of mobile entities (MEs) are described. Each of the MEs being connected to a respective radio access network (RAT) and associated with the policy control unit, the congestion information indicates congestion of the respective RAT. The disclosure includes a congestion monitoring unit aggregating the congestion information for at least some of the MEs based on the respective MEs being associated with the policy control unit, and sending a message including the aggregated congestion information to the policy control unit. A congestion monitoring unit is configured to aggregate the congestion information for at least some of the MEs based on the respective MEs being associated with the policy control unit, and an interface configured to send the message including the aggregated congestion information to the policy control unit.

Abstract: A method in a network device. The method is one of estimating a time delay between when a software timestamp is generated for an active measurement protocol test packet and when the active measurement protocol test packet is transmitted from the network device onto a link. The method includes generating an error estimation packet, generating a software timestamp (ts) for the error estimation packet, and transmitting the error estimation packet toward a network interface. The method also includes intercepting the error estimation packet before it is transmitted from the network device onto the link, and generating an interception timestamp (ti) for the error estimation packet after intercepting the error estimation packet. The time delay is estimated based on a difference between the interception timestamp and the software timestamp.

Abstract: An indication of the speed of movement of a UE in a radio communications system is received (801) at a network node of the radio communications system. The parameters of the radio communications system are then analyzed (803) using the speed of movement indication. The system parameters are then adjusted (805) using the analysis.

Abstract: To generate a high-power modulated radio frequency signal SOUT from an input low or medium frequency information signal SIN, the information signal is pulse-shaped in a quantifier to form a digital signal SD having discrete signal values. The digital signal is processed in a switching unit comprising switches for each signal value, in radio frequency wave generators for each switch generating carrier waves of radio frequency, and in control circuits for each switch to control the opening and closing thereof. When a switch is closed, its associated generator is connected to the output line of the switching unit, and when it is opened, the generator is disconnected therefrom. In the switching unit, a switched radio frequency signal SSW carrying the information of the input signal is formed by opening and closing the switches when the digital signal adopts or does not adopt, respectively, the signal value associated with the respective switch.