Abstract: A multicast data communication system is provided that has high security, and prevents problems such as an attack by a malicious user creating a great number of meaningless tables at nodes in the network. Clients regularly transmit request packets toward a server; a node receives the request packet, and subsequently receives a delivery-table-creation packet or a delivery packet from the server; if the node has no delivery table corresponding to the server, the node creates the delivery table, registers the addresses of the clients, and their request packet arrival times, and regularly transmits the request packet toward the server; when the node has received a delivery packet from the server, the node duplicates and delivers the delivery packet only to those clients whose request packet arrival times, registered in the delivery table, are within a fixed period from the arrival of the delivery packet.

Abstract: The acoustic signal transmission method is based on generating a synthesized sound electrical signal by electrically synthesizing an audible sound signal and another signal different than the audible sound signal at the sending side, and transmitting the synthesized sound electrical signal, and extracting the another signal different than the audible sound signal from the synthesized sound electrical signal at the receiving side. Here, generation of the synthesized sound electrical signal is made by using a data hiding technique, for example. Accordingly, the acoustic signal represented by the synthesized sound electrical signal can be heard by human ears in the same way as the audible sound signal, and the synthesized another signal cannot be detected by human ears. Here, the synthesized sound electrical signal can be transmitted as a sound wave in air space, as electrical signal through a transmission line or as radio signals such as infrared and electromagnetic waves.

Abstract: A bid-opening device 20 receives from each bidding device 10m a bidding price index ?m=g(hk(IVm)) (where IVm is an initial value, hk indicates k-times processing with a one-way function h and g is a one-way function) and its identifier IDm. The received information is stored on a common bulletin board 25. Dm=hk(IVm) (where Dm=g(Dm) is generated with k set as the upper limit value K of the bidding price. The bulletin board 25 is checked for ?m which matches this Dm. If no match is found, m is incremented by one, and the check for ?m-Dm matching is made for each of m bidding devices. Upon completion of the matching for all the bidding devices, k is decremented by one, and a check is made for for ?m which matches Dm=g(hk(IVm)), and the index k for which they match is determined as the highest price bid. The bid-opening device 20 outputs that k and the identifier IDm of ?m.

Abstract: A screw characterized by having a screw body having a male screw portion to be screw fastened into a corresponding screw hole and a top hat portion that is integrally formed to be conjoined to one end of the male screw portion and having a top end surface formed thereon; a torque transmission means that is used for transmitting to the top hat portion the running torque required for screw fastening the male screw portion into the screw hole and having a base end surface formed to correspond to the form of the top end surface of the top hat portion; and an adhesive solidification layer that bonds the top end surface of the top hat portion and the base end surface of the torque transmission means to mechanically couple the top hat portion and the torque transmission means.

Abstract: Highly efficient lossless decoding is realized under the condition that codes transmitted as a base part are compatible with the H.264 standard. An orthogonal transformation section (12) performs orthogonal transformation of residual signals (Rorig), acquires transform coefficients (Xorig), and a quantization section (13) quantizes the transform coefficients. An existential space determination section (14) obtains information on upper limits and lower limits of the respective coefficients (an existential space of transform coefficients) from quantization information.

Abstract: An optical transceiver module that is capable of being inserted into and removed from a cage includes a housing that houses a photoelectric conversion element, the housing having a guiding section formed along a front-rear direction, an operating lever that has an operating section and a lever-side contact section, the operating lever being attached to the housing in a rotatable manner about an axis of rotation; and a slider that has a wedge section that engages with a latching section provided to the cage, and a slider-side contact section that comes into contact with the lever-side contact section, the slider being guided in the front-rear direction by the guiding section, the lever-side contact section being located opposite the operating section with respect to the axis of rotation, and as the operating section is pushed rearward, the lever-side contact section pushes the slider-side contact section forward and the slider moves forward to a position where the wedge section is unlatched from the latching s

Abstract: When a data signal of a first channel is an RZ signal having a pulse period T1 and a logic “1” pulse width m, a data signal of a second channel is an RZ signal having a pulse period T2 and a logic “1” pulse width n and the relation n<m is satisfied, a multiplexed signal D obtained by time-division multiplexing the data signals of two channels is input. A pulse signal with a pulse width k satisfying n<k<min(m, T2) is generated at timing of a leading edge of the data signal of each channel. When the multiplexed signal D is judged as logic “1” at timing of a trailing edge of the pulse signal, the data signal of the first channel is output. Similarly, when the multiplexed signal D is judged as logic “0”, the data signal of the second channel is output.

Abstract: A network is realized having GMPLS and IP/MPLS mixed, in which an IP/MPLS node can be operated as is without replacing the IP/MPLS node with a node having a GMPLS function, even if the GMPLS and IP/MPLS are mixed. To match with the protocol of the IP/MPLS node outside of a GMPLS cloud, the GMPLS+IP/MPLS node (edge) establishes a PSC-LSP between GMPLS+IP/MPLS nodes (edge), uses the PSC-LSP as an IP/MPLS link from the viewpoint of the IP/MPLS node, and operates signaling of an MPLS-LSP establishment requested from the IP/MPLS.

Abstract: An aqueous solution is formed by dissolving a dye made of alizarin and a humectant made of glycerin, and alkalized by dissolving a base (alkaline substance), thereby preparing a detector solution (101) in which the content of the humectant is about 20 wt %. An impregnated carrier (104) impregnated with the detector solution (101) is formed by dipping for 30 sec a sheet-like carrier (103) made of cellulose filter paper in the detector solution (101) so that the carrier (103) is impregnated with the detector solution (101). The impregnated carrier (104) is pulled up from the detector solution (101), and dried in dry nitrogen by evaporating a solvent such as water contained in the impregnated carrier (104), thereby forming an ozone detecting device (105).

Abstract: A fine and high-accuracy resist pattern, which is excellent in etching resistance, can be formed. Disclosed is a resist pattern forming method, which includes the steps of developing a resist composition having photosensitivity to a predetermined light source through a lithography technique to form a resist pattern 2 on a substrate 1, and bringing the resist pattern 2 into contact with a supercritical processing solution 5? including a supercritical fluid 3? which contains a crosslinking agent 4.

Abstract: When a mirror (230) rotates with a maximum angle, a distance from the rotation center of the mirror (230) to the edge of the mirror (230) along a direction horizontal to an electrode substrate (300) is larger than a distance from a perpendicular, perpendicular to the horizontal direction and extending through the rotation center, to the distal end of an electrode (340a-340d) along the horizontal direction. Even when the mirror (230) rotates to come into contact with the electrode substrate (300), since the electrode (340a-340d) does not exist at a position with which the mirror (230) comes into contact when rotating, the mirror (230) and the electrode (340a-340d) can be prevented from being electrodeposited.

Abstract: A method for embedding a watermark into digital data, when the watermark is to be embedded in a digital image, independently changes real number components and imaginary number components of each of coefficient values of a complex watermark coefficient matrix using key, from the watermark to be embedded in the digital image, a step for performing a discrete Fourier inverse transform on the sequence matrix of the changed watermark and generating a watermark pattern; and a step for adding like tiling the water mark pattern to the original image, and generating an embedded image.

Abstract: A method and apparatus multiplies a past sample a time lag ? older than a current sample by a quantized multiplier ?? on a frame by frame basis, subtracts the multiplication result from the current sample, codes the subtraction result, and codes the time lag using a fixed-length coder if the multiplier ?? is smaller than 0.2 or if information about the previous frame is unavailable, or codes the time lag using a variable-length coder if ?? is not smaller than 0.2. A multiplier ? is coded by a multiplier coder and the multiplier ?? obtained by decoding the multiplier ? is outputted. The process is performed for each frame.

Abstract: In retransmission processing due to a failure of transmission of data packets, a plurality of data packets are simultaneously transmitted between two STAs by utilizing multiple wireless channels and MIMO, and the number of idle channels and the number of retransmission packets are compared. Then, when both of the numbers are different or only when the number of idle channels is larger than the number of retransmission packets, the retransmission packets are reconstructed according to the number of idle channels, and the reconstructed retransmission packets are simultaneously transmitted by using the idle channels.

Abstract: An integrated optical waveguide has a first optical waveguide, a second optical waveguide, and a groove. The second optical waveguide is coupled to the first optical waveguide and has a refractive index that is different from the first optical waveguide. The groove is disposed so as to traverse an optical path of the first optical waveguide and is separated from an interface between the first optical waveguide and the second optical waveguide by a predetermined spacing. The spacing from the interface and the width of the groove are determined such that reflection at a boundary between the first optical waveguide and the second optical waveguide is weakened. A semiconductor board may be disposed at a boundary between the first optical waveguide and the second optical waveguide.

Abstract: An optical module controls its output characteristics electrically and an optical switch constitutes the optical module. An optical waveguide circuit (PLC) and an electronic circuit (IC) for driving the PLC are mounted on the same substrate. The IC is composed of a bare chip to be molded afterward. Wiring of the IC is grouped and integrated on the PLC substrate to achieve higher density and miniaturization of the optical module.

Abstract: A frame formed of a plurality of code words encoded with an encoding mode in which two different types of code words are assigned one-to-one to two smallest quantization intervals is checked to determine whether it contains just the two types of code words assigned to the two smallest quantization intervals, and lossless encoding is applied to the frame containing just the two types of code words. A code obtained by this lossless encoding is decoded with a decoding method corresponding to the lossless encoding.

Abstract: A digital watermark embedding method of the present invention includes: a step of sequentially obtaining each frame image of the moving image data and frame display time; a step of generating a watermark pattern using watermark information, the frame display time and watermark pattern switching information; a step of superimposing the watermark pattern onto the frame image, and combining watermark embedded frame images obtained by sequentially repeating the processes to generate watermark embedded moving image data. A digital watermark detection method includes a step of sequentially obtaining a frame image; a step of generating a difference image between the currently obtained frame image and a previously obtained frame image; and a step of performing digital watermark detection from the difference image to output digital watermark detection status, and when digital watermark detection process is continued, obtaining a new frame again to repeat the above processes.

Abstract: A multiplexing transmission system for adding a management overhead to a client signal, and transparently accommodating or multiplexing the client signal to transmit it is provided. The multiplexing transmission system: accommodates a plurality of client signals of different bit rates including a client signal of a bit rate that is not an integral multiple or an integral submultiple of a bit rate of other client signal, and performs rate adjustment for a part or the whole of the plurality of client signals such that the bit rate of each client signal becomes an integral multiple or integral submultiple of the bit rate of other client signal.

Abstract: A method and apparatus multiplies a past sample a time lag ? older than a current sample by a quantized multiplier ?? on a frame by frame basis, subtracts the multiplication result from the current sample, codes the subtraction result, and codes the time lag using a fixed-length coder if the multiplier ?? is smaller than 0.2 or if information about the previous frame is unavailable, or codes the time lag using a variable-length coder if ?? is not smaller than 0.2. A multiplier ? is coded by a multiplier coder and the multiplier ?? obtained by decoding the multiplier ? is outputted. The process is performed for each frame.