Abstract: A method of allocating radio channels, between the base stations of a multi-base station radio system, uses a mathematical model of the radio system which is derived from an analog of the radio system. The analog is a thermal bath containing a plurality of interacting particles, each particle in a particular spin state. The number of particles at a given location in the thermal bath, corresponding to the traffic demand at an equivalent location in the radio system, each occupied spin state corresponding to a particular radio channel. The model is operated by allowing the spin states to relax, by means of a stochastic reduction in temperature of the thermal bath, from an initial infinite temperature, to a minimum energy, which equates to an acceptable level of interference between radio channels, operated in the different cells of the radio system. The distribution of spin states at the minimum energy determines the allocation of radio channels.

Abstract: A computerized design system is employed for designing product specifications for a multitude of products. This computerized design system uses an input from a user to define a series of goals and from these goals to create a data structure which is extracted from the goals. This data structure is then topologically stored in a computer memory which is then used to create a mapping between requirement specifications and a conceptual design. An output is then provided which can be used as a final design specification.

Abstract: A process for speech analysis and more specifically an automatic process for the analysis of continuous speech. The waveshape of the speech is described with the aid of the resonant frequencies, formants, which arise in the speech organ. The process determines suitable frequencies for the formants from an utterance by dividing the utterance into time frames and analyzing the utterance by linear prediction in order to determine roots of the denominator polynomial and thereby frequency values for each frame. The utterance is divided into voiced regions and in each voiced region the centers of vowel sounds are established in order to obtain a number of starting points. Tracks are formed from the starting points by sorting the roots from frame to frame so that old and new roots are linked together. Factors of merit are calculated for the tracks relative to formants and the tracks are distributed to formants in accordance with the factors of merit.

Abstract: An antenna arrangement for transmitting at least two frequencies over a single antenna element, the length of which is selected as a fraction, for example, ⅝ths, of the wavelength of the lower of the said at least two frequency. The higher frequencies are transmitted via slots formed in the wall of the waveguide forming the antenna element. The antenna element is in the form of, at least, a semi-rigid structure which includes a waveguide antenna formed integrally with a waveguide feed line to provide a single waveguide unit, the internal structure of the single waveguide unit being used as a waveguide for the higher frequencies which are transmitted via the slots in the wall of the waveguide.

Abstract: A method and device for image coding, primarily intended to be applied in the transmission of video signals, convert a video signal to a bit stream by coding and quantising. The bit stream is stored in a buffer store before it is sent at a constant bit rate on a transmission line. The content in the buffer store is regulated by varying the step height in the quantiser. With the frame rate at the input being known and the frame rate and bit rate at the output being known, the ideal buffer store content can be determined. The actual buffer store content is sensed and compared with the ideal buffer store content and the difference between these two values is determined. The step height in the quantiser is adjusted as a function of the difference.

Abstract: An arrangement in mobile telecommunication systems which operate with cells to provide for an improved hand-over function of a mobile unit which is located in a cell which belongs to a first base station to a cell which belongs to a second base station. The mobile unit is provided with elements for measuring and evaluating parameters which are significant to the hand-over function on the one hand in the real traffic case and on the other hand in a simulated traffic case. A comparing element is arranged in the mobile unit and the said first and second representation are included as selection criteria for obtaining the improved hand-over function.

Abstract: A system for comparing subjective dialogue quality in mobile telephone systems that include at least one mobile telephone exchange operating with a number of base stations, and at least one mobile radio unit for communicating with a respective base station. A first representation of the subjective dialogue quality that is experienced by a user of a first connection in the mobile telephone system is provided and compared with a representation produced for a second connection in a mobile telephone system. The system includes a transmitter for transmitting at least one predetermined and stored speech message that constitutes a second representation of a correct dialogue quality, and second means, including speech recognition means, for receiving and evaluating the speech message transmitted. The receiver produces in accordance with the recognizable parts of the speech message, a third representation of a dialogue quality experienced the user of the system.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an arrangement for terminal-oriented performance monitoring in a telecommunications network having a public side and a mobile subscriber side with terminals. Information with respect to network performance is collected by the subscriber terminals or in connection with the subscriber terminals and transferred to the public side. The information includes the grade of service, information on error conditions and information on the quality of the transmission channel in the network and non-connection information. With the aid of the invention the network operator is provided with a picture of the performance from the point of view of the customer and he can thus operate the network more effectively at the same time as the performance experienced by the customer is kept under control.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an arrangement for speech synthesis and provides an automatic mechanism for simulating human speech. The method provides a number of control parameters for controlling a speech synthesis device. The invention solves the problem of coarticulation by using an interpolation mechanism. The control parameters are stored in a matrix or a sequence list for each polyphone. The behaviour of the respective parameter with time is defined around each phoneme boundary and polyphones are joined by forming a weighted mean value of the curves which are defined by their two associated matrices/sequences list. The invention also provides an arrangement for carrying out the method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mobile telecommunication system having an auxiliary routing arrangement comprising auxiliary radio channel units and monitoring circuit. The auxiliary radio channel units are arranged in the base station of the system and the monitoring circuit are arranged in the mobile telephone switch of the system. The monitoring circuit monitor the setting-up of each call in the mobile telephone switch and, when faults occur, the monitoring circuit are adapted switch off the transmitter function of an affected radio channel unit and to replace the affected radio channel unit with an auxiliary radio channel unit which is allocated a frequency essentially corresponding to the frequency of the affected radio channel unit. The automatic replacement of an affected radio channel unit with an auxiliary radio channel unit ensures that the traffic handling capacity of the system is essentially unchanged.

Abstract: A method of motion compensation and elastic deformation in picture sequences in transmission of moving pictures between a transmitter and a receiver, that is a picture coding method in which the pixel values of the picture are determined using a previous picture. In the transmitter, each picture in the picture sequence is divided into triangles by suitably choosing corner points, and the motion between two successive pictures is estimated such that the motion vectors of all the corner points can be established. Information about the corner points and/or the motion vectors is transmitted from the transmitter to the receiver, in which the motion vectors of the internal points of the triangles are calculated using the three transmitted motion vectors belonging to the respective triangle. The pixel values in the corner points of the triangles and in the internal points of the triangles are calculated using the transmitted and the calculated motion vectors, respectively.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device identifying traffic on a cable. The different types of traffic are characterized by different levels and frequency ranges. The device includes a limiter connected to the paired cable and delivering an output signal having substantially constant amplitude And a frequency corresponding to the strongest frequency component of the input signal. The limiter may be constructed of inverters coupled as an amplifier or of an amplifier having a Schmitt trigger. The limiter is connected to a frequency indicator indicating what frequency ranges within which the strongest frequency component lies. The frequency indicator may consist of monostables or counters and decoders. The decoder interprets the output signal of the counter and may be constructed of a fixed gate network or of a programmable memory. The output signal of the frequency indicator is connected to an indicator indicating the frequency range in question, e.g. by means of flashing light-emitting diodes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for estimating the C/I density and interference probability in the uplink. According to the invention, two or more base stations synchronously measure signal strength and signal identity in the uplink in their own and each other's channels. By measuring over a sufficiently long time, a statistical basis for how the signal strengths from mobiles connected to a respective base station are distributed is obtained. From the basis, density functions for the signal strength from traffic to its own and, respectively, another station can be formed. Due to the synchronous measuring method, the functions can be normalized and a C/I or C/I+N density function can be formed, from which the interference probability can be calculated (FIG. 1).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and an arrangement for improving the communication between a base station and a number of mobile units belonging to it in a microcell system. In greater detail, the invention has the aim of reducing the fading which is a problem when the mobile units are moving slowly or are standing still. According to the invention, the problem is solved by introducing diversity on the downlink in the system. The antenna pattern of the base station is turned so that a wave pattern varying with time is produced with spatially separated fading points. The communication preferably utilizes time-division multiple access (TDMA), the turning of the antenna pattern being effected step by step between suitable time slots, preferably between TDMA frames. The turning of the antenna pattern is advantageously produced by controlling a sectoral antenna (7, 7').

Abstract: A system and a method for structuring technical information in establishing a knowledge base and trouble shooting in technical equipment. An intelligent, electronical document is created in the quickiest and most efficient way for guidance training and troubleshooting of complex technical equipment. The required concepts are defined which are capable of describing states in a knowledge base, node types are defined indicating what type of information or instruction a node is to contain, views are read containing pictures or graphic descriptions of the equipment, nodes are inserted into the views to provide access points to various parts of the equipment, at least one of the nodes being a rule node containing at least one rule. The rule contains a condition part and a conclusion part, the condition part consisting of conditions on the equipment and the conclusion part containing measures to be taken if the conditions are fulfilled. The method and system are primarily used by developers and troubleshooters.

Abstract: Method and arrangement for increasing the capacity in a mobile telephone system having mobile telephone exchanges (MTX), base stations (BS) and mobile stations (MS). The MTX:s handle the traffic within their traffic area via the base stations. MS:s mobile stations being at home are registered in a home location register and MS.S visiting the area are registered in a visitor location register. When the home location register is filled up, the system capacity is increased by selective MTX as home exchange, so that the MS is registered as visiting the visitor location register. MTX A, MTX B is preferably used as home exchange which only handles its home location register and associated functions, the radio traffic being handled via another MTX C which only handles its visitor location register and associated functions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for transferring messages in a one-way communication system, particularly a paging system. The transmission of the messages is organized in such a manner that the message is separated from the address. By address it is meant the identity codes of the receivers. Furthermore, the receivers find their message with the aid of a subaddress. The method provides for battery saving by means of the fact that the receivers which are not addressed in the address part do not listen to the message part but go into a battery-saving idle mode.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of determining the distribution of marginal traffic capacity of given cells in a radio cell system comprising base stations with associated coverage areas and radio stations within the coverage areas of the cell. Compatibility calculations are performed for each element or a selective selection of elements of an exclusion matrix. The channels are redistributed in this way iteratively in dependence of the time dependent traffic need in each cell.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of moving a pixel a subpixel distance and is intended to be applied in picture coding methods to determine the value of a pixel located between the fixed pixels on the screen. The pixel value is calculated using a known motion vector and the pixel values located in the vicinity of the corresponding pixel in the previous picture. According to the invention at least 3.times.3 pixels from the previous picture are used and the pixel value is calculated as a sum of the previous pixel values weighted by coefficients depending of the motion vector. The coefficients are preferrably calculated as polynomials of the subpixel part of the motion vector.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of recovering lost bits in digital transmission. The invention can be applied in ATM networks or networks in which the receiver utilizes soft decoding. A number of data bits dl-dn are transmitted together with a number of control bits cl-ck. The control bits are calculated in the transmitter using a number of parity constants pll-pkn such that a corresponding number of parity relations are fulfilled. In the receiver, the positions of the lost data bits are detected and a number of syndrome bits sl-sk are calculated from the transmitted data bits and control bits. Then the lost data bits can be recovered by mapping syndrome bits indicating the values of the lost data bits. By using the knowledge about the positions of the lost data bits a reduced number of control bits are required compared with the prior art.