Abstract: A network configuration having various network elements and user equipments configured to authenticate web access requests is disclosed. Upon receipt of web addresses from various subscribers, the web addresses such as online advertisements are stored in a memory. The network traffic in the communication network is monitored in accordance with the web addresses stored in the memory. After detecting a website assess request such as a click of an online advertisement, an authentication record which authenticates the origin of the network equipment issuing the request. The authentication record is forwarded to a subscription partner via a predefined messaging mechanism.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for managing packet flow based on content signatures are disclosed. A process of netflow management, in one embodiment, is able to receive a packet flow traveling through a communications network and obtain a signature from the packet flow. Upon retrieving a predefined signature from storage in accordance with the signature, the signature and the predefined signature are compared. A message of unauthorized distribution associated with the packet flow is issued when bit pattern of the signature matches with bit pattern of the predefined signature.

Abstract: A system and method configured to selectively broadcast channelized video contents between multicasting sessions and/or uni-casting sessions are disclosed. In one embodiment, a process of media broadcast transmits channelized video content over a uni-casting session from a content provider to first user equipment (“UE”) via a base station. The channelized video content and number of UEs receiving the channelized video content are tracked and accounted. Upon receiving a second request for the channelized video content from a second UE via the base station, a multicasting session capable of broadcasting the channelized video content is established. The process allows the first UE and the second UE to receive the channelized video content via the multicasting session.

Abstract: A network configuration having multiple network elements and routers using point-to-point network redundancy to improve network reliability and performance is disclosed. A process using point-to-point network redundancy is able to detect a first checking message (“CM”) formatted in a connectivity verification protocol (“CVP”) such as IEEE 802.1ag indicating a primary link failure. The primary link is a connection between a first network element (“NE”) situated in a first network such as Ethernet based LAN network and a second NE situated in a second network such as an IP based MPLS network. Upon sending a second CM indicating the primary link failure to the second NE, a coordinated failover from the primary link to the backup link at both first and second NEs is performed.

Abstract: A network device having a system performance measurement unit employing one or more global time stamps for measuring the device performance is disclosed. The device includes an ingress circuit, a global time counter, an egress circuit, and a processor. The ingress circuit is configured to receive a packet from an input port while the global time counter generates an arrival time stamp in accordance with the arrival time of the packet. The egress circuit is capable of forwarding the packet to other network devices via an output port. The processor, in one embodiment, is configured to calculate packet latency in response to the arrival time stamp.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for dynamically adjusting traffic quality of service (“QoS”) on-demand over a communications network are disclosed. The process, in one embodiment, is configured to receive an enhanced QoS request from a user via a first node over a communications network. Upon prioritizing traffic flow in accordance with the enhanced QoS request, the enhanced QoS request associated with the first node is recorded. Upon acknowledging the enhanced traffic QoS, the process routes the information to the first node in accordance to a predefined enhanced QoS.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for low cost upgrading on demand of an optical fiber communication system without installing additional optical fiber and minimal installation of optical circuitry at destination and distribution terminals. The upgraded systems comprise an optical data loop of a plurality of destination terminals and a single intermediate terminal.

Abstract: A teleconferencing system having an echo canceller is configured for use at a large near-end conference location having a loudspeaker for acoustic reproduction of a received far-end telecommunication signal, a plurality of microphones and local acoustic amplification of the signals produced by the microphones. At least one first microphone is located relative to the loudspeaker such that the acoustic delay time between the loudspeaker and the first microphone is less than or equal to the tail length of the echo canceller. At least one second microphone is located relative to the loudspeaker such that the acoustic delay time between the loudspeaker and the second microphone is greater than the tail length of the echo canceller. Signals from the first and second microphones are provided to a mixer and are mixed to provide a send-input signal to the echo canceller.

Abstract: A nonlinear processor for an echo canceller has an adaptive suppression threshold which is a function of an echo estimate signal generated by an adaptive filter. The nonlinear processor also has an adaptive noise transparency threshold which is a function of an estimated level of background noise. The nonlinear processor is in the send path at the near end of a 4-wire circuit, and during far end single talk is activated to pass send path signals that are below the noise transparency threshold level and above the suppression threshold level. The dual adaptive thresholds of the nonlinear processor during far end single talk result in removal of residual echo from the send path while allowing limited levels of actual background noise to remain on the send path to improve the perceived quality of the voice connections to a far end talker/listener.

Abstract: A neural network solution for routing calls through a three stage interconnection network selects an open path through the interconnection network if one exists. The neural network solution uses a neural network with a binary threshold. The weights of the neural network are fixed for all time and therefore are independent of the current state of the interconnection network. Preferential call placement strategies are implemented by selecting appropriate external inputs to the neural network. An interconnection network controller stores information reflecting the current usage of the interconnection network and interfaces between the interconnection network and the neural network.

Abstract: An adaptive transversal filter is characterized by a first adaptive filter for generating a plurality of estimated impulse response coefficients representing an impulse response of a transmission path. An averaging circuit is coupled with the first adaptive filter, and generates a plurality of average estimated impulse response coefficients having values in accordance with the average values over a most recent time interval of associated ones of the estimated impulse response coefficients, and a second adaptive filter receives the average estimated coefficients. The average estimated impulse response coefficients more closely represent and have less variance with respect to the actual impulse response of the transmission path than do the estimated coefficients, and the second filter generates an estimate of an echo signal through a process including convolution of the average estimated coefficients and an input signal.

Abstract: An improved DX circuit may be connected to signaling and reference leads of a DX signaling link, without need to balance the internal impedance of the DX circuit against that of the external DX signaling link. The DX circuit senses the magnitude and direction of current flow on the leads, and operates on the principle that when a near end signaling circuit is on-hook, a positive current flow indicates that a far end signaling circuit is off-hook and a current flow of zero indicates that it is on-hook, while if the near end signaling circuit is off-hook, a negative current flow indicates that the far end signaling circuit is on-hook and a current flow of zero indicates that it is off-hook. The arrangement allows the DX circuit to properly function irrespective of the resistive load presented by the DX signaling link.

Abstract: A nonblocking switching system for communications systems is characterized by two identical blocking networks, each for being connected in series between sources and destinations to be selectively interconnected. One network actively establishes paths between the sources and destinations while the other, although conditioned to be able to provide such paths, remains inactive in a standby mode for establishing the paths should the active network fail. If a blocking state occurs in the active network before its maximum realizable capacity is reached, a nonblocking condition of the system is established by eliminating all of the paths in the inactive network, and then reestablishing the paths in accordance with a relatively simple algorithm that loads the network without a blocking state being reached before the network is completely full.

Abstract: A universal circuit module mounting structure is characterized by mounting hardware for a circuit module which enables the same to be mounted either between a pair of spaced channels or within circuit card guides. For mounting between the channels, L-shaped brackets are removably fastened to upper and lower ends of the module, upstanding legs of the brackets are apertured, the apertures are aligned with passages through the channels and fasteners extended through the apertures and passages secure the module to and between the channels. To mount the module within circuit card guides, generally U-shaped brackets are removably fastened to the module upper and lower ends, and outwardly extending legs of the brackets are slid within the card guides to mount the module therewithin.

Abstract: An improved electronic hybrid circuit or terminating set provides toll-grade interfacing between two and four-wire voice frequency transmission facilities. The terminating set presents a fixed input impedance to, and common mode rejection to longitudinal noise on, the two-wire side of the facility, and either the same or a different fixed impedance at each of the transmit and receive input ports on the four-wire side of the facility.

Abstract: An electronic transformer is characterized by a pair of out of phase and bilateral current sources, the outputs from which are opposite in phase and control voltages across and currents through respective source and load impedances by combining the voltages in opposition through an amplifier that controls each current source. The electronic transformer has some properties which are essentially the same as those of a conventional magnetic transformer, except that there advantageously is no magnetic field and unwanted magnetic coupling with adjacent components, and the equivalents of leakage reactance, mutual reactance, turns ratio and/or impedance matching may be conveniently and accurately electronically controlled. In addition, the electronic transformer can readily be operated as a switched gain amplifier source, a negative impedance amplifier and/or a positive impedance network generator.