Abstract: Passive optical networks can experience faults that are unrecoverable. An embodiments of the present invention is a hybrid passive optical network configured to protect a primary optical path employing a switch to transmit data from the primary path to a secondary path in a passive manner. In an event data flows through both the primary path and the secondary path, the optical switch may be configured to monitor the primary path. In such an embodiment, the optical switch is a protection optical switch that is sensitive to monitoring an optical signal that flows on the primary path. If the switch detects a loss of signal on the primary path, the optical switch automatically switches delivery of the optical signal from the primary path to the secondary path, via the optical switch to allow an optical line terminal to receive optical signals virtually uninterrupted.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for improving network efficiency for data transfer utilizing partial node discovery a during system recovery are disclosed. Upon retrieving a saved last sequence number associated with a network element (“NE”) from a database in a network management system (“NMS”), a process of the partial node discovery obtains a current last sequence number associated with the NE from the NE. After identifying missing sequence numbers associated with the NE, sequence events associated with the NE in the database are updated in accordance with the missing sequence numbers.

Abstract: A method for cross connecting optical signals includes using a common beam steerer to direct a set of optical signals from a set of input ports to a set of output ports. The method further includes adjusting a curvature of the common beam steerer so that paths of the optical signals have substantially the same effective path length.

Abstract: Method for estimating position information of base stations as well as terminals for three dimensional centralized real-time spectrum management to achieve high spectral efficiency. In one aspect of the invention, the method comprises i) understanding the position information of plurality of base stations, wherein the plurality of terminals and the base stations form a wireless network, ii) determining, at the central controller, position of a terminal via plurality of communication wirelessly between the base stations and a terminal and between the base station and the central controller, iii) applying network wide real time knowledge at the central controller to electronically steerable antennas to use a resource in a different direction then where it is used by other base stations to achieve frequency reuse of one.

Abstract: A method of managing a signal over a symbol period includes supplying samples of the signal at beginning and end portions of the symbol period. The method further includes suppressing the supply of samples of the signal at a middle portion of the symbol period.

Abstract: A network device having a system performance measurement unit employing one or more global time stamps for measuring the device performance is disclosed. The device includes an ingress circuit, a global time counter, an egress circuit, and a processor. The ingress circuit is configured to receive a packet from an input port while the global time counter generates an arrival time stamp in accordance with the arrival time of the packet. The egress circuit is capable of forwarding the packet to other network devices via an output port. The processor, in one embodiment, is configured to calculate packet latency in response to the arrival time stamp.

Abstract: Fiber optic links can be used to support optical communications using wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) with different legacy, current, and future (non-legacy) WDM systems being characterized by channel spacing. An example of a legacy system can include WDM that employs a large number of channels and uses relatively narrow spacing between the channels, having a channel spacing of 100 GHz whereas today's current WDM systems have a narrower channel spacing of 50 GHz. Current systems and standards cannot support multiplexing of signals from different legacy and non-legacy WDM systems within the same network element without causing signal interference. Example embodiments of the present invention overcome the current problems by allowing for the handling and interconnection of differently spaced wavelengths within the same network element by employing hybrid components.

Abstract: A channel in a multiple carrier communication system is equalized by computing a target spectral response, shortening the impulse response of the channel so that a significant part of an energy of the impulse response is confined to a region that is shorter than a target length and filtering the signal based on the target spectral response.

Abstract: A wireless communication network system includes a central office network, a plurality of cell sites, each for communicating wirelessly with external cellular phones within its transmission range, and a passive optical network (PON)-based wireless backhaul system that transfers communication information between the cell sites and the central office network. The PON-based wireless backhaul system further includes at least a source optical network terminal (ONT), an optical line terminal (OLT), and a quality of service (QoS) converter in each of the source ONT and OLT to allow for quality of service-enabled communication between the cell sites and the central office network via the PON-based wireless backhaul system.

Abstract: A telecommunication network includes a communication ring having a plurality of nodes. The communication ring includes a plurality of links wherein each link interconnects one node to another node. Each node includes one or more network elements. Management functions for the nodes, the communication ring, the links, and the network elements are provided by a manager. The manager can discover and define the nodes, the links, and the communication ring and establish more than one network element at a node. The manager provides a coherent view of the telecommunication network despite a node being supported by more than one network element.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for enhancing packet transfer in a network using duplicated copy of data packets are disclosed. Upon classifying a data packet in accordance with a set of predefined packet identifiers, the method for enhancing packet transfer, in one embodiment, generates a replicated packet which is substantially similar to the data packet in response to the result of classification of the data packet. The replicated packet is subsequently forwarded to an application component via a route of non-bearer traffic for facilitating parallel processing.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention comprises determining a gain tilt based on power measurements from a power measurement block, determining a noise figure penalty based on the gain tilt, determining a gain tilt compensation to compensate for the gain tilt taking into account the noise figure penalty, and communicating the gain tilt compensation to an amplifier block to apply the gain tilt compensation to subsequently received wavelengths.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for interference suppression in wireless communication systems, especially Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexed (OFDM) systems, is presented. The array apparatus includes a two-tier adaptive array system, which provides for both spatial diversity and beamforming at the uplink The adaptive array and includes sub-arrays spaced at a distance sufficient to provide spatial diversity and support beamforming or scanning A Direction of Arrival (DOA) of signals impinging upon the array can be calculated by comparing signals from sub-array elements. Each sub-array can be filtered or beamformed to provide high gain to desired signals received from the DOA (which may be a multipath signal) while simultaneously dampening-out undesired signals, such as co-channel interference (CCI) in the frequency band of operation. The DOA is also used for allocating frequency bins for data signals, such as in an OFDM system, to provide weighted guidelines for bin allocation to maximize received signal power.

Abstract: An optical node includes a reconfigurable optical add drop multiplexer (ROADM) core configured to transmit optical signals of multiple wavelengths to and receive optical signals of multiple wavelengths from another optical node. The ROADM core is also configured to add optical signals thereto and to drop optical signals therefrom. The node also includes two different types of add-on devices, each connected to the ROADM core device and configured to process optical signals of multiple wavelengths. As a result, a multifunctional and reconfigurable optical node can be provided.

Abstract: Each node of a telecommunications network determines a connection type attributes available for each signal type supported by the node. Each signal type represents a different connection routing layer within the telecommunications network. Adaptation costs involved in traversing from one connection routing layer to another connection routing layer in the node are calculated. The connection type attributes and adaptation costs are included in a link state advertisement broadcasted by each node in the telecommunications network. A route calculation is performed for a desired signal to determine a route through the telecommunications network for the signal. The route calculation takes into account the various connection type attributes, availability, and adaptation costs in determining the shortest route for the signal through the telecommunications network.

Abstract: Embodiments including methods, systems, and apparatuses for distributing, processing, and reacting to path information distributed via a service-agnostic packet fabric for the purpose of enabling path selection are disclosed. By configuring two ingress line cards to send path quality words to each other via the switch fabric, compare the path quality words, and determine whether to transmit traffic to an egress line card via the switch fabric based on the comparison of the path quality words, the embodiments enable a central switch fabric to be unaware of the paths that it carries, and enable both ingress and egress bandwidth of the switch fabric to be sized according to the facilities for which it is terminating. The switch fabric does not need to support working and protection paths simultaneously in some embodiments, allowing it to be scaled appropriately to termination facilities.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for improving network efficiency during an automatic switchover are disclosed. Upon receipt of a switching request from a first network peer (“NP”) transmitted via a connection containing multiple links, a process capable of providing automatic switchover protection (“ASP”), in one embodiment, bring down all or multiple links simultaneously at the second NP in response to the switching request. When the links are ready to be brought up in accordance with APS pending state, the process temporarily suppresses network alarms to avoid higher level entities from entering link reset renegotiations.

Abstract: A network system, having an array of processing engines (“PEs”) and a delay line, improves packet processing performance for time division multiplexing (“TDM”) sequencing of PEs. The system includes an ingress circuit, a delay line, a demultiplexer, a tag memory, and a multiplexer. After the ingress circuit receives a packet from an input port, the delay line stores the packet together with a unique tag value. The delay line, in one embodiment, provides a predefined time delay for the packet. Once the demultiplexer forwards the packet to an array of PEs for packet processing, a tag memory stores the tag value indexed by PE number. The PE number identifies a PE in the array, which was assigned to process the packet. The multiplexer is capable of multiplex packets from PE array and replacing the packet with the processed packet in the delay line in response to the tag value.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for load balancing across multiple routes using an indirection table and hash function during a process of packet classification are disclosed. A network device such as a router includes a memory, a hash component, and a result memory. The memory is referred to as an indirection random access memory (“RAM”), is capable of storing information regarding number of paths from source devices to destination devices. The memory, in one embodiment, provides a base index value and a range number indicating the number of paths associated with the base index value. The hash component generates a hash index in response to the base index value and the range number. Upon generation of hash index, the result memory identifies a classification result in response to the hash index.

Abstract: In today's reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer (ROADM) based optical node, transponders associated with the ROADMs' add/drop ports are dedicated to a given network node interface. Dedicated transponders reduce the flexibility to route around network failures. Example embodiments of the invention includes an optical node and corresponding method for routing optical signals within an optical node. The optical node may include at least two ROADMs to transmit respective wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) signals onto at least two inter-node network paths and at least one add/drop module including add ports to direct add wavelengths received from tributary network paths to each of the ROADMs via intra-node network paths to allow the wavelengths to be available to be added to the inter-node network paths.