Abstract: A method, a system, and a network entity enable a detection of a connection fault and perform the switch-over in less than 50 ms. CV packets are being sent, for example, 1/10 ms (1 CV packet per 10 ms) or 1/15 ms (1 CV packet per 15 ms). The interval of the CV packets, consequently the frequency for sending CV packet, can be any interval that makes the switch-over time for a protected substantially real-time connection achievable. Moreover, the interval (the frequency) should be such that the interval makes the fault detection from the fault event to occur in less than 50 ms and triggers the switch-over to occur also in less than 50 ms from the occurrence of the fault event.

Abstract: The invention relates to an EMI gasket formed by joining coated steel (3) and a contact backing (1). The coated steel (3) has elongated openings (4), into which projections (2) provided on the contact backing fit, seizing by their edges the edges of the openings.

Abstract: A method and an arrangement are provided for updating a first block of digital data (601) by performing a number of update operations which must either all succeed together or all fail together. The number of update operations is greater than or equal to one. A first identifier (TID) is activated (701) which is common to all those update operations that concern the first block of data and must either all succeed together or all fail together. All those update operations are performed (703) that concern the first block of data and must either all succeed together or all fail together. The updated first block of digital data is stored (707) into a logical flash memory device (1101) together with a value that associates the updated first block of data with the first identifier. The first identifier is deactivated (710).

Abstract: The invention relates to implementing a training phase of adaptive channel equalization on a digital communications path using QAM- or CAP-modulation method and comprising at least one band-stop filter that forms a stop band on a the signal spectrum. Training of adaptive equalizers is performed utilizing a sparse symbol constellation, wherein a number of symbol states (S) is smaller than that of a symbol constellation used in a normal data transmission state. The benefit of the sparse symbol constellation is that a strong intersymbol interference caused by the stop band can thus be reduced to such a low level in regard to a signal power that a linear equalizer may be used to reach a situation, wherein a proportion of correct symbol decisions becomes sufficiently high for training of a decision-feedback equalizer.

Abstract: An electric device (202, 301) for connecting an analogue data transfer device (202) by means of a control unit (203) to a digital transfer system comprises means for connecting to a data transfer device via a twin cable (204). In addition, it comprises a current amplifier arrangement (214, 314, 340) for feeding a certain current to the twin cable, a first current switching device (219) for switching a first control current to the current amplifier arrangement, and a second current switching device (220) for switching a second control current to the current amplifier arrangement. The current switching devices (219, 220) are preferably current mirrors.

Abstract: A polarity protection circuit contains a metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (FET) that pets its control voltage via an electrical connection from supply voltage lines and a transistor that pets its control voltage via another connection from the supply voltage lines. When a supply voltage has a wrong polarity the FET is in a non-conducting state. If in the supply voltage lines during normal operation there occurs a short circuit that tends to chance a direction of the current, the transistor rapidly discharges a gate charge of the FET, and the current flow in the wrong direction is prevented.

Abstract: A method and an arrangement are provided for synchronizing a receiver into a quadrature amplitude modulated (QAM) signal. The receiver comprises a first controllable unit (601) arranged to respond to a timing control signal by controlling the timing by which a received signal is converted into demodulated complex samples. Additionally it comprises a symbol detector (603) arranged to produce, in correspondence with the complex samples, a detection decision (s) that represents a received symbol. There are elements (401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406, 407, 408, 409, 410, 411, 412, 413, 414, 415, 602) for generating one or more complex baseband equivalent impulse response values for a QAM-channel as a correlation result by correlating complex demodulated samples with a complex correlation variable (C) derived from the detection decision (s).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for scheduling transmission-link capacity between packet switched telecommunications flows (L1, L2), in such a way that it is possible to ensure the scheduling of packets representing delay-critical traffic to the transmission link (S) before packets representing non-delay-critical traffic and, in addition, to achieve the desired division of the capacity of the transmission link (S) between different traffic groups.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and system for implementing a digitally controlled sample and timing clock in a system performing analog and digital signal processing. According to the method, as the timing clock of the digital signal processing is used a clock with a controllable frequency such that said digital signal processing can have a function suited for controlling the frequency of said timing clock, and the conversion of the signal is performed in synchronism with the timing clock of the digital signal processing operation when a delta-sigma converter or a switched-capacitor filter device is employed.

Abstract: A tool used in manufacturing circuit board holders from sheets of material has a working face for forming embossments on the sheets by repetitively striking the sheets therewith. The working face includes an H-shaped formation for forming two separate halves of an embossment on the sheet of material with one strike, of which, of the two separate halves, one is delimited by the upper parallel lines of the H and the other is delimited by the lower parallel lines of the H.