Abstract: Sulfur oxides are removed from a flue gas stream with an upflow quench reactor, a dry venturi and a baghouse. The lime slurry used in the quench reactor is doped which enhances the neutralization reaction in the dry venturi and the bag filter. The use of the dry venturi allows a substantial buildup of solids on the filter wherein the baghouse functions as a fixed bed reactor.

Abstract: A combustion flue gas stream containing dioxins, some of which are in the vapor phase, is cooled to between 100.degree. C. and 110.degree. C. The dioxins in the vapor phase are converted to suspended particulates which are subsequently captured and then thermally destroyed.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for neutralizing hot acid gases is disclosed. Prior to neutralizing the gas, it is introduced into a zone, e.g., a cyclone to establish an upwardly, generaly spiral gas stream. This gas motion permits removal from the gas of larger particles which concentrate at the cyclone wall by centrifugal forces. The upwardly-moving gas stream which may or may not have a spiral motion is contacted with an upwardly-moving spray of a basic neutralizing liquid or slurry under conditions such that the spray droplets moderately overcome gravitational forces such that they experience a sufficiently long residence time in the cyclone to be evaporated to dryness. The product gas from the cyclone then can be treated further to remove small particles and salt product.

Abstract: A method for the treatment of an effluent gaseous stream from a Kraft Recovery Boiler or the like. The effluent stream passes through a venturi section where nucleation of the particulates is initiated and larger particles collected. Subsequently, the stream flows from the venturi section with the nucleated particulates and is scrubbed to remove the particulates, TRS and sulfur dioxide. A portion of the bottoms from the packed section is recycled back to the venturi section as 15-25% dissolved solids by weight. The total solids of the liquid stream in the venturi section is maintained at 1-5% above saturation. Further concentration of a slipstream is achieved by cyclonic separation or filtration. The pH in the venturi section is controlled to agglomerate the suspended solids. The bottoms from the venturi section are subsequently concentrated externally to the venturi section to between 40-60% solids.

Abstract: A dry method and apparatus for treating an effluent gas stream in order to facilitate the removal therefrom by conventional means of contaminating particulates, particularly those in the submicron range. Target particulates which are larger than the submicron contaminating particulates are dispersed in a secondary gas stream. The secondary gas stream is then introduced into the effluent gas stream. The manner of introduction is such that the contaminating particulates impact with and are captured on the larger target particulates. The target particulates and the contaminating particulates inertially impacted thereon are then separated from the combined effluent and secondary gas streams by conventional gas cleaning equipment.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for neutralizing hot acid gases is disclosed. Prior to neutralizing the gas, it is introduced into a zone, e.g., a cyclone to establish an upwardly, generally spiral gas stream. This gas motion permits removal from the gas of larger particles which concentrate at the cyclone wall by centifugal forces. The upwardly-moving gas stream which may or may not have a spiral motion is contacted with an upwardly-moving spray of a basic neutralizing liquid or slurry under conditions such that the spray droplets moderately overcome gravitational forces such that they experience a sufficiently long residence time in the cyclone to be evaporated to dryness. The product gas from the cyclone then can be treated further to remove small particles and salt product.

Abstract: Process and apparatus are described for an improved treatment of gases effluent from an ammonia phosphoric acid reactor in the manufacture of fertilizers. Ammonia is scrubbed from the gases with aqueous acid, preferably concentrated phosphoric acid, and particulates are captured and removed by contact with solid target particulates, preferably alkaline nephaline syenite. Pond water scrubbing is reduced or eliminated with improved costs and recoveries, secondary pollution is minimized, and land is conserved.

Abstract: Process and apparatus are disclosed for the treatment of flue gases to remove particulates, sulfur oxides, hydrogen sulfide and organic sulfur compounds using an alkaline scrubbing liquor containing activated carbon.

Abstract: This invention comprises a method for the separation of one component or more from a vapor or gas mixture which involves the step of reacting the component to form a complex or thermally decomposible molecule by reaction with a compound adsorbed or otherwise deposited on a solid carrier. Typical of the gas components that can be so removed, and recovered if desired are carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, silicon tetrafluoride, hydrogen sulfide, aromatic hydrocarbons, mercaptans, HCN, HF, HCl, BF.sub.3 and HBr. Compounds which are adsorbed on the solid carrier for reaction with these various components include various carbonates, such as K, Na, Li, Ca, Cd, Ba; various sulfites, such as K, Na, Li, Cd and Ag; fluorides, glyoximes, ferrous and cupric salts, cuprous amine complexes, dioxane, urea, phosphates, chlorinated aromatics, organic nitriles, benzaldehyde, quinols, etc.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the treatment of flue gases to remove acid gases, boron compounds and particulates.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the large-scale abatement of acid gases in hot industrial effluent gas streams. In a first stage, the proportion of acid gases in a hot gas stream containing a relatively high initial concentration of acid gases is substantially reduced by contacting the gas stream with an aqueous solution or slurry of a basic material capable of reacting with the acid gases under such conditions that a dry salt is left as the reaction product. In subsequent steps, particulate material and residual acid gases are removed from the gas stream either: 1) by introducing into the gas stream a particulate material capable of sorbing acid gases followed by a particulate removal step; or, 2) by using a wet scrubber.

Abstract: An essentially adiabatic process for the crossflow scrubbing of particulate material from a gas is disclosed in which the scrubbing liquid is recirculated without cooling. By a combination of a minimum gas temperature of about 150.degree.F., saturation conditions, and a certain amount of turbulence, it has been found possible to achieve particulate nucleation prior to passage of the gas through the scrubber units which, in turn, makes it possible to recycle the scrubbing liquid while maintaining it at a substantially constant temperature.

Abstract: This invention comprises a method for the separation of one component or more from a vapor or gas mixture which involves the step of reacting the component to form a complex or thermally decomposible molecule by reaction with a compound adsorbed or otherwise deposited on a solid carrier. Typical of the gas components that can be so removed, and recovered if desired are carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, silicon tetrafluoride, hydrogen sulfide, aromatic hydrocarbons, mercaptans, HCN, HF, HCl, BF.sub.3 and HBr. Compounds which are adsorbed on the solid carrier for reaction with these various components include various carbonates, such as K, Na, Li, Ca, Cd, Ba; various sulfites, such as K, Na, Li, Cd and Ag; fluorides, glyoximes, ferrous and cupric salts, cuprous amine complexes, dioxane, urea, phosphates, chlorinated aromatics, organic nitriles, benzaldehyde, quinols, etc.

Abstract: This invention comprises a method for the separation of one component or more from a vapor or gas mixture which involves the step of reacting the component to form a complex or thermally decomposible molecule by reaction with a compound adsorbed or otherwise deposited on a solid carrier. Typical of the gas components that can be so removed, and recovered if desired are carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, silicon tetrafluoride, hydrogen sulfide, aromatic hydrocarbons, mercaptans, HCN, HF, HCL, BF.sub.3 and HBr. Compounds which are adsorbed on the solid carrier for reaction with these various components include various carbonates, such as K, Na, Li, Ca, Cd, Ba; various sulfites, such as K, Na, Li, Cd and Ag; fluorides, glyoximes, ferrous and cupric salts, cuprous amine complexes, dioxane, urea, phosphates, chlorinated aromatics, organic nitriles, benzaldehyde, quinols, etc.