Abstract: A method for adjusting a radiation direction of an optical communication signal between a communication platform and a remote station includes: starting from an initial position of a beam deflection unit of the platform for steering the optical communication signal, adopting deflection positions of the beam deflection unit along two different lines of movement and in opposite directions along the lines of movement, the deflection positions being consistent with deflection angles having the same absolute value, each deflection position being held for a different period; measuring an intensity of the signal at the station; when an intensity change in the signal is discovered at the station, ascertaining a signal quality change in the signal and recording the duration of this intensity change; determining that intensity change that pertains to the best signal quality change, and the associated duration; changing the intensity of a guidance beam for the duration previously determined.

Abstract: A resonator, in particular a high-frequency resonator, includes a resonator housing with a resonator space formed therein and a container with a cavity in which a liquid crystal is accommodated, wherein the container is at least partially arranged in the resonator space and includes an electrode configuration for generating an electric control field for controlling the permittivity of the liquid crystal.

Abstract: A tristate output buffer includes a first branch with a first buffer, and a second branch with a second buffer. The first buffer includes a supply port, a ground port, an output port, two switchable semiconductor elements of a first type, and two switchable semiconductor elements of a second type. Switching behavior of the switchable semiconductor elements of the first type differs from switching behavior of the switchable semiconductor elements of the second type. The two switchable semiconductor elements of the first type are connected in series and are between the supply port and the output port such that they can be put in a conductive state independent of each other. The two switchable semiconductor elements of the second type are connected in series and are between the ground port and the output port such that they can be put in a conductive state independent of each other.

Abstract: A dielectric element for a resonator and a corresponding resonator are described. The dielectric element has a first chamber and a second chamber, which are fluidically connected to one another by a connecting channel. A liquid crystal is contained in the first chamber, a gas is contained in the second chamber. Changes in the volume of the liquid crystal can be compensated by a change in the volume of the gas, because the liquid crystal can move in the connecting channel. Consequently, such a resonator can be exposed to greatly fluctuating temperature ranges without requiring any further compensation for temperature-induced changes in the volume of the liquid crystal. The dielectric element can also be hermetically closed to complete the production process.

Abstract: A communication satellite for use in a satellite constellation is provided. The communication satellite includes: a user side interface for wireless receiving and transmitting of data; a network side interface for wireless receiving and transmitting of data; a first inter satellite interface for wireless receiving and transmitting of data having a first radiation direction of electromagnetic waves; a second inter satellite interface for wireless receiving and transmitting of data having a second radiation direction of electromagnetic waves. The first radiation direction has a first radiation angle with respect to a direction of movement of the communication satellite. The second radiation direction has a second radiation angle with respect to the direction of movement of the communication satellite. An absolute value of the first radiation angle corresponds to an absolute value of the second radiation angle.

Abstract: A method for adjusting a radiation direction of an optical communication signal between a communication platform and a remote station includes: starting from an initial position of a beam deflection unit of the platform for steering the optical communication signal, adopting deflection positions of the beam deflection unit along two different lines of movement and in opposite directions along the lines of movement, the deflection positions being consistent with deflection angles having the same absolute value, each deflection position being held for a different period; measuring an intensity of the signal at the station; when an intensity change in the signal is discovered at the station, ascertaining a signal quality change in the signal and recording the duration of this intensity change; determining that intensity change that pertains to the best signal quality change, and the associated duration; changing the intensity of a guidance beam for the duration previously determined.

Abstract: A circuit board includes a plurality of conductive track levels disposed one above the other and insulation layers arranged between each of two adjacent conductive track levels. The circuit board includes a thermally conductive element, which includes ceramic, disposed between a first external insulation layer and a second external insulation layer.

Abstract: A connecting unit for radio-frequency components has: a housing; a first interface and a second interface which are arranged on the housing and are designed to be coupled to in each case one radio-frequency component; an internal conductor which runs in the housing and is connected to the first interface and the second interface in order to establish a radio-frequency connection between the first interface and the second interface; a spacer which surrounds the internal conductor and extends at least along a portion of the length of the internal conductor. The housing is manufactured from an electrically conductive and rigid material and the spacer is arranged such that the internal conductor is at a distance from the housing at least in sections.

Abstract: A controller arrangement includes a controller, an actuator, and a measuring element. The measuring element captures a control variable with a predetermined sampling rate in consecutive sampling cycles and transmits it to the controller. The controller compares the control variable with a predetermined reference variable and determines how the control variable differs from the reference variable. The controller, in a first cycle, starts with a predetermined regulating variable and outputs it to the actuator, and subsequently determines how the control variable differs from the reference variable; in a second cycle, the controller varies the regulating variable based on the difference of the control variable from the reference variable in the first cycle, and outputs it to the actuator, and subsequently determines how the control variable differs from the reference variable; in a third cycle, the controller varies the regulating variable and outputs it to the actuator.

Abstract: The invention relates to the determination of the rotational position of a sensor by means of a laser beam emitted by a satellite. For this purpose, the sensor includes a rotational position determination device which has a laser beam detection device for detecting the laser beam emitted by the satellite. Moreover, the rotational position determination device includes a control device which is designed for determining the rotational position of the rotational position determination device based on the detected laser beam.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for operating a selective switching device for signals, a related selective switching device, and a message transmission system having the selective switching device. An embodiment of the method includes the following steps, not necessarily in this order: determining a current temperature in the region of the selective switching device; determining a signal shift of the selective switching device due to the current temperature; adding the signal shift to an input signal of the selective switching device as to receive a compensated signal for which the signal shift due to the current temperature is compensated; and removing the signal shift from an output signal of the selective switching device as to receive a corrected signal for which the compensation is corrected.

Abstract: A high voltage connection between a first line of a traveling wave tube and a second line of a voltage supply unit for the traveling wave tube includes a plug which is connected to an end section of the first line or of the second line by a crimp connection, and a socket which is connected to an end section of the other line by a crimp connection. Furthermore, a method for manufacturing a high voltage connection is also described.

Abstract: A resonator for a channel filter is provided. The resonator includes a cavity; a sidewall which at least partially surrounds and forms the cavity, wherein at least one lateral opening is provided in the sidewall; a first adjusting unit with an adjusting element. A first recess is provided at the adjusting element. The adjusting unit is arranged such that the adjusting element adjoins the lateral opening. The adjusting element is movable relative to the lateral opening such that a resonator frequency of the resonator can be adjusted depending on a position of the adjusting element with reference to the lateral opening.

Abstract: A communication satellite for use in a satellite constellation is provided. The communication satellite includes: a user side interface for wireless receiving and transmitting of data; a network side interface for wireless receiving and transmitting of data; a first inter satellite interface for wireless receiving and transmitting of data having a first radiation direction of electromagnetic waves; a second inter satellite interface for wireless receiving and transmitting of data having a second radiation direction of electromagnetic waves. The first radiation direction has a first radiation angle with respect to a direction of movement of the communication satellite. The second radiation direction has a second radiation angle with respect to the direction of movement of the communication satellite. An absolute value of the first radiation angle corresponds to an absolute value of the second radiation angle.

Abstract: A high voltage connector for establishing a high voltage connection between two high voltage lines is disclosed, with the high voltage connector including a carrier element with a first guiding groove and a second guiding groove, wherein the carrier element includes a high voltage insulating material, wherein the first guiding groove and the second guiding groove are arranged parallel to one another and extend in the longitudinal direction of the carrier element, and wherein each of the first guiding groove and the second guiding groove is designed for accommodating a wire of each of a first high voltage line and a second high voltage line. In this way, a high voltage connection can be established which is insensitive to electrical interference, as well as mechanically stable and resistive, and also works at critical pressure.

Abstract: Provided is a channel filter for a communication apparatus. The channel filter includes a first resonator, a coupling element having a first longitudinal section and a second longitudinal section, and a first adjusting element. The coupling element is designed to couple the first resonator at least indirectly with an input or output of the channel filter. The first longitudinal section has a greater width than the second longitudinal section. The first adjusting element is disposed at least partially in the first longitudinal section and at least partially in the second longitudinal section.

Abstract: A feed network arrangement for generating a multi-antennae signal includes a plurality of coupler devices coupled to one another in waveguide technique, and a plurality of adjustable length of line devices. At least one of the plurality of adjustable length of line devices is coupled to at least one of the plurality of coupler devices, where the one of the plurality of adjustable length of line device is configured to calibrate an electrical length of a supply line of the at least one of the plurality of coupler devices, In addition, the plurality of coupler devices are arranged such that a plurality of inputs of the feed network arrangement are disposed on a first side of the feed network arrangement and a plurality of outputs of the feed network arrangement are disposed on a second side of the feed network arrangement.

Abstract: A voltage multiplier includes: a multitude of winding blocks connected in series; a switching circuit configured to connect to ground a first node arranged between a first winding block and a second winding block and a second node arranged between a third winding block and a fourth winding node; a first controlled switch arranged between the first winding block and the second winding block; a second controlled switch arranged between the third winding block and the fourth winding block; wherein each of the first controlled switch and the second controlled switch is configured to be switched in a conductive state or a non-conductive state; wherein the second winding block and the fourth winding block are coupled to an output of the voltage multiplier, such that an output voltage is set at the output depending on the switching state of the switching circuit.

Abstract: A resonator, in particular a high-frequency resonator, includes a resonator housing with a resonator space formed therein and a container with a cavity in which a liquid crystal is accommodated, wherein the container is at least partially arranged in the resonator space and includes an electrode configuration for generating an electric control field for controlling the permittivity of the liquid crystal.

Abstract: An interference-suppression circuit produces an interference-reduced signal from output signals of a plurality of redundant functional blocks. A first extreme-value determination unit determines the specific output signal that represents a first extreme value from the output signals of the functional blocks. A processing unit offsets the output signals of the plurality of functional blocks against one another in such a manner that the interference-reduced signal is determined. The processing unit omits from consideration the first extreme value in determining the interference-reduced signal.