Abstract: A method for the molecular orientation of plastic material by expanding a tube of plastic material, includes introducing the tube into a container filled with heated liquid, preferably water of a temperature of 70.degree.-100.degree. C. The tube is expanded by introducing a pressurized liquid into the tube. An apparatus for carrying out the method and a plastic material are also disclosed.

Abstract: A packaging for filling materials which are capable of flow comprises side walls (1) of coated cardboard or the like, which are joined together in a tubular configuration by way of at least one longitudinal sealing seam (4), and end walls which are disposed at the ends of the tube member (1), wherein one end wall which forms the cover (2) of the packaging comprises thermoplastic material without a carrier material, is injected to the side walls (1) along its outer edge (6) and has a pouring spout (13) which can be folded inwardly of the outside contour of the packaging for example for transportation, while the other end wall which forms the bottom is quadrangular and has a transverse sealing seam with triangular flaps which are folded over onto an adjacent wall portion.

Abstract: A lid for a liquid pack is formed from a plastic material and includes a substantially flat end wall. A pouring spout is disposed within the outside contour of an outer first plane of the lid. An opening flap portion closes a pouring opening, and a handle is secured to the opening flap portion by a hinge. The opening flap portion is connected by way of an endless weakening line to the wall of the lid, and a collar is disposed at the periphery of the lid at an inwardly displaced position for mounteing to a side wall of the pack. The weakening line extends in a second inner plane and at a spacing below and parallel to the first outer plane, with the spacing between the two planes being greater than or equal to the height of a collar portion projecting outwardly from the weakening line at the opening flap portion.

Abstract: A packaging for filling materials which are capable of flow, comprises side and end walls of coated paper, cardboard or the like, which are joined by means of at least one sealing seam. Bending lines (7) are provided in the coated paper, cardboard or the like. So that the bending lines in such packaging remain undamaged in spite of a thin overall coating of plastics material on the paper web, even when processed in a manufacturing machine, it is provided that disposed in the region of at least some bending lines (7) is at lesat one plastics reinforcing strip (15) which engages thereover, such that the welding and contact surface (29) between the reinforcing strip (15) and the coated cardboard (61, 62) terminates from all sides at a spacing from the bending lines (7).

Abstract: When sterilizing packing materials for the aseptic packaging of fruit juice and wine using sulfurous acid it is suggested that the packing material be treated with an aqueous solution of sulfurous acid and alcohol.

Abstract: A fluid packaging means comprises tubular side walls and end walls disposed at the ends thereof, forming a bottom and a top, wherein the top comprises thermoplastic material without a carrier material, is injection moulded to the outer edge of the tube along that edge and has a pouring means, and the bottom is quadrangular and has triangular flaps which are folded over to lie against at least one adjacent panel. In order to provide such a packaging means with a particularly advantagoeus bottom, the invention proposes that at least two mutually oppositely disposed triangular flaps of the bottom are folded inwardly into the plane of the bottom or outwardly on to the side wall, about the lower edge between the bottom and the side wall, and fixed in that position.

Abstract: Described are opening means on a package for liquid. The pouring spout (3) can be formed by being torn open along a perforated line (8a, 8b) which begins at a starting point (14) below the front tip (17) and which terminates approximately in the middle of the upper end wall (6, 6'). In order to provide an air space of sufficient size above the liquid in the package, and an air entry space at the rearward end of the cut, so that the pouring jet of liquid can be accurately guided in passing over the front tip of the pouring spout, the invention provides that the perforated line (8a, 8b), in the lower triangular portion (13, 13') of the triangular flap, has a bend point (10) from which its path towards the outer, lower starting point (14) is directed markedly more sharply towards the bottom, and that a continuous cut line is provided in the starting point (14).

Abstract: A pack for containing materials which are capable of flow includes a tube formed by a longitudinal sealing seam, along with a bottom and a cover closing the tube ends. The cover is formed from thermoplastic material without a carrier material, is injected on the tube, and has a pouring spout. The tube comprises cardboard which is coated with thermoplastic material on one side. The bottom is quadrangular, formed from the folded-over tube of the pack of a fold-type closure. The cover and the cross-section of the pack, at least in the region of the cover, are round. To improve such a pack with a handle so that the final consumer enjoys improved handleability and transportability, the invention provides that a portion of the tube wall, which adjoins the periphery of the cover, is folded onto itself, forming a handle, and is joined to provide a double-wall surface portion in which a gripping opening is provided.

Abstract: The specification describes an apparatus for forming, welding and conveying packs, particularly liquid filled plastic bags, where the forming shells (17) are each made up of two half shells provided on two parallel, opposing endless conveyors (1,3) with a circling motion, wherein heatable welding jaws (2) are located between successive half shells on one endless conveyor (1) and counter pressure jaws (4) are provided on the opposite endless conveyor (3).To enable forming shells of a specific volume to be produced between opposing endless conveyors without any great outlay on construction and with safe operation, the invention provides for each half shell to be formed by a trough plate (6) which is supported displaceably and deformably between two adjacent welding jaws (2,4).

Abstract: An apparatus for adding a first granular material which is disposed in a first container to a second granular material is provided and includes a conveyor conduit connected to a conveyor means, and a feed conduit communicating with the conveyor conduit for the feed of the first granular material which is to be added.In order to be able more easily to mix substances in powder or granular form, wherein the mixing ratio is to be continuously adjustable, the invention provides that disposed below the outlet opening of the first container containing the granular material to be added is a gap which is formed between two rollers. A communicating passage is provided between the gap and the feed conduit to provide the first granular material. By varying the width of the gap, the amount of the first granular material added may be quantitatively controlled.

Abstract: A packaging machine is disclosed for making and filling packages (1) consisting of inner (13) and outer (2) containers formed from sheet material. The apparatus comprises two supply locations (35) for supplying two separate webs of packaging material (31, 32). In station A tubular outer containers (2) are constructed from the web (31). In station B web (32) is formed into individual containers sealed and filled with a flowable, e.g. liquid, material. In station C the filled inner containers (13) are mated with the outer covers (2) which are sealed in station D and discharged from the apparatus.

Abstract: A web of packaging material made of heat sealable plastic sheeting has two parallel rows of cover portions sealed to the outer surface of the sheeting and arranged eccentrically to the longitudinal center of the web. The cover portions are made of a material which is stiffer than the plastic sheeting and which can be welded to it, preferably plastic coated cardboard or paper. Each cover portion is of approximately equal size and shape and are equally spaced longitudinally along the web. At least one row of cover portions is preferably sealed to the plastic sheeting by an inner cover strip at a surface eccentric to the geometric center of the cover portion and includes a ring pull to facilitate the opening of a subsequently formed package. In an alternate embodiment, only one row of cover portions is sealed to the outer surface of the web along the longitudinal center.

Abstract: This disclosure involves an electron-beam permeable window assembly or cassette mounted in a frame readily insertable and removable from an electron-beam generator housing and, upon insertion, sealable thereto and to pathways carrying materials to be electron-beam irradiated through the window.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the manufacture by means of shrink-forming of a packing container of orientation-stretched laminate comprising polyester and aluminium foil, the laminate being formed to a tube (14) and subsequently being made to shrink over a mandrel (10,28) to the intended shape.

Abstract: Two-piece containers having a one-piece tubular body and base and a cover molded onto the body are formed from a continuous web of thermoplastic supporting material by means of an apparatus which includes tube forming, cover molding, container filling and container base sealing stations. The web of material is initially formed into a strand of partially assembled tubular container bodies having fold impressions for the base and then severed into separate tubular bodies for further processing, filling and sealing.

Abstract: An apparatus which produces a precisely shaped and positioned perforated line in a blank for a parallelepipedic package has a blade and a roller for pressing the blank against the blade. The blade is stationary relative to the packaging blank and provides a perforated line which does not penetrate the inner layer of the packaging material. The roller is mounted on a connecting bar which is linked to a reciprocating drive. The roller moves in a guide which positions the roller relative to the blade during each stroke of the reciprocating drive.

Abstract: An apparatus for punching a hole in a paper web, in particular for the production of liquid packs, has a movable punch which can be pressed against a counter-plate and which has a circular blade at its tip. In accordance with the invention, to permit the desired hole to be punched into the packaging material to the desired depth, using simple means, the punch has a rotationally driven cutter head. Due to the rotary movement of the punch or the blade-forming edge at the tip of the punch, the blade is no longer merely pressed into the paper web, as in previously known punching apparatuses, but in accordance with the invention it is rotated perpendicularly to the pressing movement, giving a cutting effect as when using a knife.

Abstract: A fluid packaging arrangement comprises tubular side walls and end walls disposed at the ends thereof, forming a bottom and a top, wherein the top comprises thermoplastic material without a carrier material, is injection moulded to the outer edge of the tube along that edge and has a pouring spout, and the bottom is quadrangular and has triangular flaps which are folded over to lie against at least one adjacent panel. In order to provide such a packaging arrangement with a particularly advantageous bottom, the invention proposes that at least two mutually oppositely disposed triangular flaps of the bottom are folded inwardly into the plane of the bottom or outwardly on to the side wall, about the lower edge between the bottom and the side wall, and fixed in that position.

Abstract: A method for the preparation and packing of food products, in particular fish products of long keeping quality, includes disintegrating and sterilizing the fish and allowing the sterilized fish mass to coagulate under pressure in a forming and filling pipe. An inside cross-section of the filling pipe corresponds to the cross-section of the packing container wherein the product is to be packed. The forming and filling pipe is provided, moreover, with cut-off elements and flaplike shut-off elements to make possible the separation and feeding out of the product from the forming and filling pipe to the packing containers.

Abstract: A porous food product is prepared by mixing sodium alginate and a calcium compound with ground fish or meat, heating the mixture, introducing a pressurized gas and an acid into the mixture, the acid liberating calcium ions from the calcium compound to cause the sodium alginate to form a gel which confers a porous structure on the product, and reducing the pressure to liberate gas and form gas bubbles in the product.