Abstract: A display placed in an optical pathway extending from an entrance pupil of a person's eye to a real-world scene beyond the eye. The display includes at least one 2-D added-image source that is addressable to produce a light pattern corresponding to a virtual object. The source is situated to direct the light pattern toward the person's eye to superimpose the virtual object on an image of the real-world scene as perceived by the eye via the optical pathway. An active-optical element is situated between the eye and the added-image source at a location that is optically conjugate to the entrance pupil and at which the active-optical element forms an intermediate image of the light pattern from the added-image source. The active-optical element has variable optical power and is addressable to change its optical power to produce a corresponding change in perceived distance at which the intermediate image is formed, as an added image to the real-world scene, relative to the eye.

Abstract: Various examples are provided for magnetic tunnel junctions and applications thereof. In one example, a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) device includes a first ferromagnetic (FM) layer; a gadolinium oxide (GdOX) tunnel barrier disposed on the first ferromagnetic layer; and a second FM layer disposed on the GdOX tunnel barrier. In another example, a perpendicular MTJ (pMTJ) device includes a first layer including a magnetic material; a tunnel barrier disposed on the first layer to form the pMTJ; and a second layer including the magnetic material, the second layer disposed on the tunnel barrier.

Abstract: We disclose optical entanglement distribution in quantum networks based on a quasi-deterministic entangled photon pair source. Combining heralded photonic Bell pair generation with spectral mode conversion to interface with quantum memories eliminates switching losses due to multiplexing in the source. This zero-added-loss multiplexing (ZALM) Bell pair source is especially useful for the particularly challenging problem of long-baseline entanglement distribution via satellites and ground-based memories, where it unlocks additional advantages: (i) the substantially higher channel efficiency ? of downlinks versus uplinks with realistic adaptive optics, and (ii) photon loss occurring before interaction with the quantum memory—i.e., Alice and Bob receiving rather than transmitting—improve entanglement generation rate scaling by (?{square root over (?)}).

Abstract: Sulfur copolymers and methods of synthesizing said sulfur copolymers are described herein. Sulfur monomers copolymerize with epoxide or vinylic moieties the epoxy-functionalized styrenic comonomers to form a crosslinked network of the sulfur copolymer. Sulfur copolymers having high sulfur content are used as raw materials in 3D printing. Chalcogenide-based copolymers can utilize selenium to provide for the optical properties. Using an inverse vulcanization method, chalcogenic sulfur copolymers are used to prepare chemically stable polymer plastic materials with tunable optical and thermochemical properties. Optical substrates, such as films, waveguides, and molded (nano-, micro-) objects and lenses, are constructed from sulfur copolymers via 3D printing and are substantially transparent in the visible and infrared spectrum.

Abstract: Advanced magnetic tunneling junctions (MTJs) that dramatically reduce power consumption (switching energy, ESw) while maintaining a reasonably high tunneling magnetoresistance (on/off ratio, TMR) and strong thermal stability at room temperature are described herein. The MTJs include a magnetic insulator, such as an antiferromagnetic material, as the tunnel barrier. A more energy efficient switching in the MTJs is achieved by exchange bias switching (EB) due to the magnetoelectric effect (ME) or by magnon assisted switching.

Abstract: Methodology of unwrapping of phase from an optical image in the presence of both noise and unreliable phase fringes configured to tackle both problems simultaneously and, in the most efficient of multiple related implementations, including at least three prongs: i) SD-ROM based denoising procedure, ii) reliable estimation of the gradient of both the wrapped and unwrapped phase with the use of the forward and inverse Laplacian operators; and iii) fringe quality improvement with the use of Fuzzy Logic based Edge Detection. Transformation of optical images with the use of such methodology to provide an image representing visually-perceivable representation of the object's shape. Computer program product configured to implement the same.

Abstract: The invention relates to cylindrical tunable fluidic lenses. The cylindrical optical power of the lenses may be continuously tuned within at least ±10 diopters, without inducing any significant spherical aberration, or any other significant aberrations. The lenses feature a geometry that produces minimal or no spherical defocus. These cylindrical tunable fluidic lenses could be used to induce and/or correct cylindrical optical aberrations in adaptive optical systems, particularly in ophthalmologic applications related to objective and automatic assessment of the refractive error of the eye, without the need of receiving feedback from the subjects.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. The present disclosure further relates to methods of inhibiting viral replication including contacting one or more cells that have been infected with a virus with an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the virus comprises a flavivirus. Also disclosed is a method of treating and/or preventing a flavivirus infection and/or a condition resulting from a flavivirus infection including administering an effective amount of a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof under conditions effective to treat and/or prevent a flavivirus infection and/or a condition resulting from a flavivirus infection.

Abstract: Various examples of methods and systems are provided for real-time signal processing. In one example, a method for processing data to select a pattern includes receiving data via a sensor, evaluating the data including waveforms over a time domain, averaging the waveforms to obtain a mean waveform, selecting a pattern based on the mean waveform, and generating a notification regarding the selected pattern. The pattern can include a start time, a hold time, and an end time. In another example, a system includes one or more sensors that detect the data and a mobile platform that evaluates the data, averages the waveforms to obtain the mean waveform and selects a pattern based on the mean waveform. A user interface can be used to communicate the notification regarding the selected pattern. The patterns can include breathing patterns, which can be used to reduce stress in a subject being monitored by the sensor.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of calibrating gamma-ray and photon counting detectors, including, but not limited to, monolithic crystal detectors. The method of the present invention is based on the observation that measurement of fan beam datasets allows the synthesis of collimated beam data to derive MDRFs by use of an algorithm that finds the common or intersecting data subsets of two or more orthogonal calibration datasets. This makes the calibration process very efficient while still allowing the full benefits of maximum-likelihood event-parameter estimation that incorporates the statistical nature of the light sensor measurements.

Abstract: Methods and systems for measuring viability and function of islet cells or stem cell-derived beta cells in an implantable device featuring setting the temperature of the cells in the implantable device to a low temperature to reduce metabolic levels of the cells and reduce oxygen requirements of the cells, and measuring oxygen consumption rates. An oxygen sensor at the inlet of the implantable device and an oxygen sensor at the outlet of the implantable device are used to calculate oxygen consumption rates of the cells, which in turn are indicative of viability. The reduction in temperature can also be used for loading cells into the implantable devices to help reduce ischemic and/or physical injury. The present invention may be used with other cell types, e.g. hepatocytes, heart cells, muscle cells, etc.

Abstract: Various examples related to power sources for implantable sensors and/or devices are provided. In one example, a device for implantation in a subject includes circuitry for sensing an observable parameter of the subject and a power source comprising a nanowired ultra-capacitor (NUC), the power source having a volume of 10 mm3 or less. The NUC can have a surface capacitance density in a range from about 25 mF/cm2 to about 29 mF/cm2 or greater. Such devices can be used for, e.g., ocular diagnostic sensors or other implantable sensors that may be constrained by size limitations.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed to methods (e.g., in vitro methods) for use of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) as a biomarker in radiation-induced lung injury (RILI). Provided herein is an in vitro method for the diagnosis, prognosis, and/or monitoring of RILI in a human subject by providing a tissue or plasma sample from the subject and detecting the level of NAMPT therein, wherein a higher level of NAMPT in the tissue or plasma sample from the subject compared to a healthy control or a reference value is indicative for the presence of RILI in the subject. Further provided herein is a method of detecting NAMPT in a human subject by obtaining a biological sample from the subject, detecting the presence of NAMPT in the sample by contacting the sample with a capture agent that specifically binds NAMPT, and detecting binding between NAMPT and the capture agent.

Abstract: A training system uses a physical model of a head and neck with a first tracker, a second tracker on a physical laryngoscope model, a third tracker on a physical endotracheal tube model, and a fourth tracker on a VR goggle; the system uses the trackers to determine positions of the physical models. A simulation system has corresponding digital 3D models of a laryngoscope, an endotracheal tube, and an airway, the airway including 3D models of surfaces of tongue, epiglottis, larynx, pharynx, and trachea. The physical model locations are registered to the digital models. In embodiments, the physical laryngoscope model has sensors measure strain or pressure along its blade and the simulation system has instructions to distort the digital 3D model of the airway according to readings of the sensors. The system can render the digital 3D model viewed from the VR goggle or a camera of the laryngoscope.

Abstract: An encapsulation device system for therapeutic applications such as but not limited to regulating blood glucose. The system may comprise an encapsulation device with a first oxygen sensor integrated inside the device and a second oxygen sensor disposed on an outer surface of the device, wherein the sensors allow for real-time measurements (such as oxygen levels) related to cells (e.g., islet cells, stem cell derived beta cells, etc.) housed in the encapsulation device. The system may also feature an exogenous oxygen delivery system operatively connected to the encapsulation device via a channel, wherein the exogenous oxygen delivery system is adapted to deliver oxygen to the encapsulation device.

Abstract: A delta sigma modulator includes a summation circuit, at least one integrator, a multi-bit quantizer and a negative feedback circuit. The summation circuit is configured to produce a difference signal between a unipolar or bipolar analog input signal and an analog feedback signal. The integrator is operatively coupled to the summation circuit to integrate the difference signal. The multi-bit quantizer is operatively coupled to the integrator to digitize the integrated signal to generate an N-bit digital output signal, N being an integer greater than 1. The negative feedback circuit operatively couples the multi-bit quantizer to the summation circuit. The negative feedback circuit includes a digital-to-analog converter arrangement for receiving the N-bit digital output signal and providing the analog feedback signal such that digital values of the N-bit digital output signal and values of the analog feedback encoded by the digital values have a non-linear relationship to one another.

Abstract: An optical device includes first and second 45° Faraday rotators. A 45° polarizer is located between the first and second Faraday rotators such that light in a prescribed polarization state that is incident on the first 45° Faraday rotator traverses the first 45° Faraday rotator as well as the 45° polarizer and the second 45° Faraday rotator. In one implementation the optical device is operable to receive a light beam traveling in a first direction and output a light beam that is in a predetermined polarization state. Likewise, the optical device is operable to receive an unpolarized light beam traveling in a second direction opposite the first direction and outputs a light beam that is in a predetermined polarization state. The polarization state in which the two output beams are arranged may be the same or orthogonal to one another.

Abstract: Provided are methods for replication (copying) of volume Holographic Optical Elements (HOE) using a master hologram in optical contact with a prism, wherein the master hologram comprises distinct object and reference beam coupling elements, and wherein in the replication process light is coupled from one face of the prism and transmitted through another face of the prism using the distinct object and reference beam coupling elements. Methods for making the master hologram by sequentially forming the distinct object and reference beam coupling elements therein are provided. Further methods for encoding aperture functions directly to the master hologram are provided. Yet further methods provide for forming a copy HOE in an array configuration using a step-and-repeat method wherein the copy HOE is translated laterally by a specified distance before the next exposure is made.

Abstract: The present invention provides modified stem cells (SCs) and use of the SCs to treat disease.

Abstract: A miniaturized integrated frequency locked optical whispering evanescent resonator comprises: an optical source; an optical path having a first end and a second end, the optical path coupled to the optical source at the first end; an optical resonator disposed along a side of the optical path between the first and second ends, the optical resonator coupled to the optical path through an evanescent field to excite an optical whispering-gallery mode; an optical receiver coupled to the second end of the optical path; and a digital data processor configured to communicate with the optical receiver and the optical source, wherein the digital data processor comprises a frequency locking system and a data acquisition system, wherein the frequency locking system tunes the frequency of the optical source to the optical whispering-gallery mode of the optical resonator, and wherein the resonator weighs less than 15 kg and is containable within a volume less than 30 liters.