Abstract: A mobile bulk container for particulate solid matter having at least one gas permeable internal floor element for the transmission of air therethrough within a container to fluidize particulate matter resting on the floor, the latter element sloping downwardly toward one side of the container, a bottom discharge pipe for discharging particulate matter from the container, conduits for supplying air upwardly through the floor element, an air conduit leading from adjacent the top of the space within the container to the discharge pipe for transmission of the air from the container to the pipe, and a screw conveyor mounted within and along the bottom of the container at the side thereof below the lower end of the floor element ending at the discharge pipe for conveying the particulate matter out of the container while effectively providing therewith an air seal between the container and the discharge pipe.

Abstract: An aqueous suspension of particles is treated by introducing into the system an anionic polymeric flocculant and at least one counteracting anionic deflocculant, the activity of the anionic deflocculant being reduced or eliminated by bringing into contact therewith in the system an aqueous solution containing cations having a valency greater than one, a material which generates such cations, or a polycationic organic compound.

Abstract: A preflocculated filler composition for use in paper comprising a pigment, a starch phosphate and an organic polymeric retention aid such as a polyacrylamide, the combined weight of starch phosphate and organic polymeric retention aid on a solids basis being from 0.1 to 20 percent of the weight of the pigment.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of thermal calcination of minerals wherein mineral matter is calcined in a calcination system comprising an optional pretreatment zone and a kiln directly fired by a fuel which must exceed a predetermined calorific value but must not exceed a predetermined ash content, and wherein combustible matter which need not satisfy said calorific value and ash content requirements is burned in separate combustion apparatus external to the calcination system and heat transferred from said separate combustion apparatus to the calcination system in at least one gaseous medium is employed to replace part of said fuel.

Abstract: A method of calcining solid materials on a downdraught travelling grate prior to treatment at a higher temperature on a continuously operating kiln, wherein heat for said calcining is obtained by drawings hot gaseous effluent from the kiln into the travelling grate through the solids discharge outlet thereof, characterized in that additional heat from an auxiliary source is induced into a downstream portion of the travelling grate.

Abstract: Waste matter is incinerated in a combustion zone external to a rotary cement kiln. The resulting gaseous product is taken up in effluent gas from the cement making process in contact with calcareous material. At least some of the combustion zone bottom ash is combined in the eventual standard Portland cement by firing it in the kiln with the clinker-forming materials. The combustion zone can for instance be a fluidized bed combustor. The combustion zone can be a zone through which the clinker-forming materials pass at a temperature such that the waste matter ignites.

Abstract: A method of utilizing waste heat from a fuel-fired electrical power generation or steam raising plant, wherein flue gas from said plant is conducted through a heat exchange zone in contact with relatively cool wet material for making Portland cement.

Abstract: A method of producing a cyclic siloxane by silylating a cyclic silicate with a chlorosilane characterized by reacting the silicate with the chlorosilane in a ketone which is a solvent for the chlorosilane, in the presence of a minor molar proportion with respect to the chlorosilane, of a hydroxy compound soluble in the ketone, and purifying the resulting reaction mixture to recover the cyclic siloxane therefrom.

Abstract: A gypsum-free ultra-rapid hardening Portland Cement ground to a specific surface area of 3000 to 7000 cm.sup.2 /g and containing a minor proportion of an acid salt of an alkali metal, ammonium or organic base.

Abstract: A constructional cement is produced by adding a solution of orthophosphoric acid to a particulate composition comprising at least one of a selection of combinations of oxides, which may be artificially prepared or natural.

Abstract: A process in which a substance undergoes endothermic change within a predetermined temperature range in at least one stage of the process and is subsequently subjected to a substantially higher temperature in a further stage of the process, characterised in that effluent heat from said further stage is augmented and the resultant supply of heat is applied partly to the generation of power, and partly to said endothermic change.

Abstract: A method of making a special high strength cement of the Portland type containing alite of improved hydraulic activity, wherein argillaceous and calcareous materials are combined to form clinker by heating in a kiln and the resulting clinker is ground to form a cement, comprising the step of introducing into the kiln a combination of mineralizers which contains fluorine and sulphur, provided that an alkali metal compound which can be a component of the aforesaid combination of mineralizers is included in the combination of mineralizers at least when the condition that the lime saturation factor be at least 0.98 and the silica ratio be at least 4 is not met.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of incinerating municipal refuse by burning it in a pulverized condition in a rotary kiln with added basic mineral matter, especially Portland cement raw materials, at a temperature sufficient to burn off all combustibles. A stony aggregate is obtained, which in a preferred embodiment is clinker, the rotary kiln being part of a cement plant. Conventional fuel may also be used for firing along with the refuse.

Abstract: An early strength hydraulic cement comprising 7 to 90 per cent C.sub.12 A.sub.7 formed in an underlimed clinker burned to a low free lime, the underlimed condition being at least counterbalanced in the cement by a substance effective to raise the basicity.

Abstract: An early strength hydraulic cement is disclosed in which a clinker rich in C.sub.12 A.sub.7 and poor in CA or C.sub.3 A interground with Portland cement clinker, the resultant early strength cement including at least 10% by weight of C.sub.12 A.sub.7 with a majority of the balance being calcium silicates and including at least 10% by weight of C.sub.3 S.

Abstract: A process of treating kiln flue dust from Portland cement manufacture which comprises calcining said flue dust together with a minor proportion by weight of a fluoride salt.

Abstract: An early strength hydraulic cement comprising: from 15 to 90 per cent by weight based on the cement, of an orthorhombic or tetragonal phase XC.sub.14 A.sub.5 which is NC.sub.14 A.sub.5 as herein defined or the corresponding phase in which the place of the sodium oxide is at least partly taken by at least one other alkali metal oxide; the balance being predominantly calcium silicates.