Abstract: A cutter for comminuting a moving continuous sheet or web, such as paper broke, in the dryer or converter section of a papermaking machine, includes a plurality of high pressure water jet cutting nozzles positioned in a conduit section for receiving such broke from the papermaking machine. In one embodiment the nozzles are arranged in banks positioned to impact the sheet as it passes through the conduit section, from opposite sides, and are mounted on water conduits which, in turn, are mounted for reciprocating movement and are oscillated transversely of the direction of sheet movement by a mechanical drive. The cutting jets from the high pressure nozzles impact the sheet simultaneously at opposite sides, while being reciprocated to reduce the sheet into a multiplicity of smaller discrete or easily separable pieces which fall through the bottom of the conduit section, for further processing or disposal.

Abstract: Screening apparatus for separately removing knots and heavy reject particles from paper making stock comprises a generally cylindrical vertical housing having the interior thereof separated by a cylindrical perforated screening member into an annular screening chamber and an accepts space on the outer and inner sides of the screening cylinder respectively. Separate outlets for light and heavy reject particles are located at the top and bottom of the screening chamber, the supply flow of feed stock enters the screening chamber at the bottom thereof, and special provision is made to insure that maximum separation of the knots and other lighter reject particles from the heavy reject materials will be effected within the screening chamber with minimum contact with the screening cylinder itself.

Abstract: A deflection controlled roll has a rotatable shell supported on a non-rotating central beam by a plurality of individual shoes which are positioned transversely of the beam between the beam and the shell. A curved semicylindrical surface of the shoe bears against an inside surface of the shell and is hydrodynamically lubricated by an oil film, in the nature of a plain bearing. The shoes are biased by inflatable air lift bellows which are positioned within recesses within the shoe, between the shoe and the beam. The shoes are mounted on the beam on pins which provide at least three degrees of freedom of movement. An improved drive for the roll shell has a cog belt sheave mounted on the shell in concentric relation to one of the shell support bearings. A cog-type drive belt is threaded on the sheave, and a drive pulley for the drive belt is positioned normal to the direction of shell deflection such that the deflections do not change the spacing between the pulley and the sheave.

Abstract: Screening apparatus for paper making stock comprises a generally cylindrical vertical housing having the interior thereof separated by a cylindrical perforated screening member into a screening chamber and an annular accepts chamber on the inner and outer sides of the screening cylinder respectively. The feed stock enters an inlet chamber below the screening chamber tangentially, and special provision is made for preventing heavy reject particles from circulating around the bottom of the inlet chamber. For this purpose, the inlet chamber is provided at a position spaced circumferentially downstream from the inlet port, with an outlet port into which high specific gravity particles are carried by centrifugal force along with the carrying liquid. A conduit leads from this outlet port back to the inlet chamber in order to maintain a continuous flow through this conduit.

Abstract: A method for thickening a liquid suspension of solid particles, such as papermaking pulp in water, uses a pair of spaced apart rolls and a woven wire or plastic wire belt trained around these rolls. The suspension is supplied at the first roll for centrifugal extraction and is carried by the belt to the second roll for further water extraction and thickening, and is then discharged from the apparatus. In one embodiment, the first roll is formed with an open surface, and the suspension is delivered to the web at least partially by flowing both into and out a roll chamber via the first roll openings, from a headbox in the on-running wedge zone.

Abstract: In apparatus and methods for preparing deinked paper making stock, the initially pulped and cleaned stock is fractionated by filtering through a continuously moving mesh belt of a predetermined mesh size which will retain substantially all of the fibers of greater than a predetermined length as a first suspension fraction and a second suspension fraction comprising the majority of the liquid component of the feed suspension along with small contaminant particles and the remaining fines. These two fractions are then treated separately by bleaching the first fraction and recovering the fines from the second fraction, after which the fines and the first fraction are recombined for further treatment and use.

Abstract: In a flat bed, Fourdrinier-type, countercurrent washer for pulp, the opportunities for the development of foam are minimized by "wet" operation of the washer so that the pulp mat remains essentially full of liquid as it passes from each washing zone to the next. Special provision is also made for compensating for drainage at too slow a rate in one washing zone by bypassing some of the flow of washing liquid to that zone so that it is delivered to the zone upstream therefrom. An additional feature is the provision of controls over the flow of drained liquid from one or more of the receptacles therefor so that any solid particles floating on the top of that liquid in the receptacle are delivered to the countercurrent flow which ultimately reaches the evaporator.

Abstract: Apparatus for screening papermaking stock comprises two annular flat screening plates arranged in parallel spaced relation to form a screening chamber therebetween which is bounded on its outer periphery by a cylindrical wall, and wherein a rotor includes vane portions which extend into this screening chamber to agitate the stock so that particles of sufficiently small size can pass through the screening plates into annular compartments outside the screening plates from which they flow into a peripheral chamber having an outlet port. The screening chamber includes an annular space which is surrounded by the accepts chamber and is radially beyond the vane portions of the rotor wherein reject material collects for discharge through an outlet tube which extends through the accepts chamber to the outside of the apparatus.

Abstract: Pressure screening apparatus for paper making stock embodies a cylindrical perforated screening member which defines screening and accepts chambers on the inside and outside thereof respectively in a closed housing which is filled with liquid stock under pressure in operation. A rotor member which operates in the screening chamber to keep the screening perforations open is specially constructed to provide it with sufficient buoyancy to counterbalance its weight when the apparatus is in operation and the housing is therefore filled with liquid stock. In the preferred form, the housing is mounted with the rotor axis horizontal, but it can also be made with the rotor axis vertical.

Abstract: Screen cylinders, and methods of making the same for use in removing contaminant particles from papermaking stock, have a seamless cylinder body and the openings or slots therethrough are formed by directing a focused laser beam at an outer surface while focusing the beam intermediate the outer an dinner surfaces to form an opening or slot with tapered walls. Wear bars may be applied to the inside surface as a bead of weld material. The seamless cylindrical body is formed by centrifugal casting or by cold roller extrusion.

Abstract: Apparatus for pulping a web of broke advancing downwardly thereto comprises an open tub having at least one generally vertical side wall wherein at least one pulping rotor is mounted for rotation on a substantially horizontal axis. A screw of an axial length substantially greater than the maximum axial dimension of each rotor is mounted concentrically on each rotor and extends horizontally therefrom into the interior of the tub to engage a web of broke entering the tub from above and thereby to draw the web into engagement with the associated rotor.

Abstract: A high speed stock thickener has a foraminous endless wire. The stock thickener is of the type in which an open mesh endless wire is trained over a pair of rolls and paper stock to be thickened is applied between the wire and the rolls and is carried on an inside surface of the wire for dewatering, particularly at the regions where the stock is carried between the wire and a roll. The improved wire is formed with a width greater than that of the rolls with a marginal edge of the wire extending beyond the face of the rolls. A guide belt is attached at each of the marginal edges of the wire and runs with a side wall in engagement with the end of the adjacent roll. The guide belts are attached to the wire by an adhesive bond between the backs of the belts and the adjacent wire surfaces, and by a continous thread which is sewn through each belt from the bottom of the belt and through the back thereof and into the wire.

Abstract: In froth flotation apparatus for separating solid particle impurities from a liquid suspension stock in a flotation cell, provision is made for aerating the stock flowing through the inlet conduit leading to the cell by positioning a drum-shaped rotor having an irregular outer surface in the conduit on an axis extending transversely of the conduit, directing a supply of air against the rotor surface on the upstream side of its rotational axis, and causing the rotor to rotate at a linear speed of its outer surface which is substantially higher than the linear flow rate of the stock in the conduit so that the rotor surface breaks up the air impinging thereon into bubbles and distributes those bubbles in the stock flowing therepast to create foam within the cell.

Abstract: Apparatus for separating contaminant particles from liquid suspension stock, e.g. in the de-inking of used news print, is characterized by one or more of a plurality of features which contribute to increasing the capacity and effectiveness of the apparatus, including the provision of a cell comprising inner and outer annular chambers of substantially equal depth with the inlet and outlet connections for the stock being located adjacent the bottoms of the two chambers to force the stock to travel through the full depth of each chamber, and also the provision of a baffle of substantial width on the top of the wall between the two chambers to spread the stock overflowing that wall into a thin film.

Abstract: In apparatus for thickening a suspension of pulp material which includes an endless foraminous belt wrapping two spaced horizontally supported rolls, a special doctor mechanism is provided for transferring thickened pulp from the bare surface of the second roll into a trough mounted in the space bounded by the two rolls and the upper and lower runs of the belt. More specifically, the doctor mechanism includes a rigid doctor blade mounted with its working edge in close but spaced relation with the bare surface of the roll to remove pulp therefrom without contact with the roll surface. Provision is also made for periodically oscillating the blade about a horizontal axis to move its working edge away from and back to its closely spaced working relation with the roll.

Abstract: In a winder for continuously winding a web material into rolls on successive cores, roll changing apparatus for cutting and transferring the web material from a full roll to an empty core includes two sets of water jet nozzles mounted for reciprocating movement in opposite directions lengthwise of the core to which the web is to be transferred. During the momentary interval of roll changing, the oppositely moving jets cut the web along a generally saw tooth pattern, and at the same time, the water which cuts the web also wets its cut leading end and the adjacent surface of the core, thereby causing adhesion of the end of the web to the core for a sufficient interval for this end of the web to be covered by the next wrap on the core.

Abstract: In extrusion apparatus for producing a continuous film of thermoplastic material, either as part of an extrusion coating or laminating process or to cast a continuous film, a chill roll which receives the film directly from the extruder is mounted on a wheeled carriage whereon it can be moved lengthwise into and out of operating relation with the other components of the apparatus without requiring lifting thereof or of other parts of the apparatus. The carriage may be proportioned to move directly between the apparatus in which it is to be used and the floor of the mill, or it may be mounted on a separate wheeled cart on which it is transported to and from the extrusion apparatus. Particularly in the latter case, provision is made for both vertical and lateral adjustment of the base structure on which the carriage is supported in its operating relation with the extruder.

Abstract: A continuous winder for web material includes two pairs of turret arms mounted for rotation with respect to each other on a common axis, and also includes a lay-on roll mounted for lateral movement toward and away from the axis of the turret arms. The lay-on roll maintains pressure engagement with the winding roll until the interval of actual roll changing, when it moves from the wound roll into pressure engagement with the new core with the web running therebetween, whereupon the web is cut between the two rolls to complete the roll change.

Abstract: An extended nip press for papermaking machine extracts water from a web of paper on a forming felt passing over a backing roll employing electromagnetic repulsion forces. In one embodiment, a belt is formed with permanent magnets which have thickness oriented poles and a like pole is provided external to the belt surface in non-contacting relation to provide a repulsion force to the belt which is transmitted by the belt to the felt and the paper. In another embodiment, the belt is formed of current-carrying nonferrous material and a repulsion force is formed by inducing current to flow in the belt by causing current to flow in an adjacent coil in non-contacting relation to the belt. In either embodiment, air pressure housing may be positioned over the electromagnet or conductor, to cool the electromagnet and to apply an air pressure force against the belt in the same direction as that of the induced or repulsion force.

Abstract: In screening apparatus for paper making stock comprising a cylindrical screening member dividing the interior of a pressure housing into a supply chamber and an accepts chamber, and also comprising a rotor mounted for rotation in the supply chamber and including a plurality of vanes mounted thereon in angularly spaced relation with each other and in relatively closely spaced relation with the screening member, each of the vanes is of generally airfoil shape and is oriented with its leading edge closest to the screening member and with the surface portion thereof trailing the leading edge diverging from the screening member to create a positive pressure force along the leading edge followed by a negative pressure force between the trailing portion and the screening member.