Abstract: Compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of using such compounds and compositions to treat or prevent Alzheimer's disease and related tauopathies through the inhibition of USP-9X and/or enhancement of SCF(?-TrCP).

Abstract: Novel antibodies that recognize endothelial cell surface molecules and block leukocyte extravasation are provided. These antibodies recognize tissue-specific endothelial cell surface molecules and block lymphocyte migration from the blood into tissues such as mucosal lymphoid organs and peripheral lymph nodes. Novel endothelial cell surface proteins involved in leukocyte extravasation and having a molecular weight of approximately 58,000 to 69,000 daltons and express a tissue-specific determinant are also described. The antibodies are used in an immunotherapeutic method to treat individuals having a disease or inflammation-associated pathology in which leukocyte extravasation plays a role.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring nonreciprocal optical effects contemplates directing two circularly polarized optical beams having a known phase relation to each other at a sample, and detecting the difference in phase between the two beams after they have encountered the sample. In a transmission measurement the two circularly polarized beams have the same handedness, but pass through the sample in opposite directions. In a reflection measurement, the two circularly polarized beams have opposite handedness, but encounter the sample in the same direction. In a particular embodiment of the invention a linearly polarized beam is introduced into a Sagnac interferometer and split into two linearly polarized beams which are ultimately recombined.

Abstract: Methods and compostions produced thereby are provided concerning the preparation and use of high specific surface area carbides and nitrides. The carbides and nitrides can be obtained by thermal reduction of oxides in the presence of a source of carbon and nitrogen respectively, with relatively slow progressive temperature increases prior to completion of the reaction, followed by quenching. Novel metastable carbides can be obtained by carburization of nitrides having high surface area, which nitrides can be prepared by the above-described process.

Abstract: An ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor is provided comprising 2-cycloalkyl-1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acids or a derivative thereof. By applying the subject compound in an ethylene-production-inhibiting amount, ripening and senescence can be slowed. The compound finds use in conjunction with the inhibition of ripening and improved storage of fruits, vegetables and cut flowers.

Abstract: Live vaccines are provided and methods for preparing the live vaccines for protection of a host from a pathogenic microorganism. The vaccines are prepared by introducing at least one modification in a gene involved in at least one, normally at least two, biosynthetic pathways, involving the production of products which are unlikely to be found in the disease susceptible host. The modification results in a gene change which cannot be repaired by a single step e.g. polynucleotide deletions and inversions. Where the aro gene suffers such a change, the resultant auxotrophic mutants require aromatic amino acids, p-aminobenzoic acid and 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid or a highly concentrated source of absorbable iron. The auxotrophic mutations have substantially reduced or nonexistent virulence, while retaining the desired immunogenicity to initiate the immunogenic response. Various techniques can be employed for providing the desired change.Salmonella typhimurium strain SL1479 was deposited at the ATCC on Sept.