Abstract: The method of detecting and identifying a substance in a sample requires the sample to be changed from a first temperature to a second temperature, the sample scanned with an instrument for measuring infrared radiation, the temperature difference between the temperature of the substance and a reference temperature determined, and the substance identified based on this temperature difference. The infrared method allows for the objective determination of a substance in a sample without the necessity of the labor and time required in conventional methods and is especially suitable for detecting the presence of "stickies" in recycled paper.

Abstract: A learning and assessment aid (10) for helping visually impaired individuals develop desirable ambulatory motion habits. The learning aid includes a housing (14) designed to be attached to an article of clothing worn by the individual. Internal to the housing is an inertial transducer (16) that monitors the rotation of the housing and the individual. The individual enters commands to the learning aid through a keypad (20) in response to audible instructions generated over a speaker (22). To foster desirable turning motions, the learning aid informs of the extent to which the individual turns. To foster straight-line walking, the learning aid generates a message over the speaker whenever the individual rotates more than a pre-set individual-entered maximum veer.

Abstract: A foamed pattern of a desired part is first formed. The pattern is then dipped into a ceramic slurry and the slurry dried in order to form a shell containing the foamed pattern. A heated bed of a particulate medium is formed around the ceramic shell which causes the pattern to evaporate and form a mold. A molten metal is then introduced into the mold and solidified while being held at an elevated temperature for a period of time to accomplish a desired heat treatment of the metal. With this method, the casting does not have to be subsequently heat treated in a separate operation. It can be removed as an as cast casting, having the desired microstructures.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the casting of metals by the use of a consumable or vaporizable pattern. In this method, a foamed pattern of a desired part is first formed. The pattern is then dipped into a ceramic slurry and the slurry dried in order to form a shell containing the foamed pattern. A bed of a particulate medium heated to a temperature of from 700.degree. to 1000.degree. F. is formed around the ceramic shell to cause the pattern to vaporize without burning and form a mold. A molten metal is then introduced into the mold, solidified and removed from the mold to form a casting. An inert atmosphere can be provided over the bed of heated particulate medium during the vaporization of the pattern to help suppress the burning of the vaporized pattern.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for determining the thickness of a layer of a first liquid above an interface formed by the first liquid and the second liquid underlying the first liquid in a subterranean formation. The apparatus includes an elongated metal rod having a sharpened distal end. An electrode is provided adjacent the sharpened distal end to indicate when the interface formed by the two liquids has been reached. A lengthwise running elongated slot is provided in the outer surface of the body of the metal rod and contains an indicator strip. The indicator strip is adapted to undergo a color change upon contact with the first liquid. By measuring the length of the indicator strip which has undergone a color change, the thickness of the layer of the first liquid can be determined.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the casting of metals by the use of a consumable or evaporative pattern. In this method, a foamed pattern of a desired part is first formed. The pattern is then dipped into a ceramic slurry and the slurry dried in order to form a shell containing the foamed pattern. A heated bed of a particulate medium is formed around the ceramic shell which causes the pattern to evaporate and form a mold. A molten metal is then introduced into the mold, solidified and removed from the mold to form a casting.

Abstract: An aircraft instrument system for use on winged aircraft having an indicator visibly displaying a linearly variable ratio of a first pressure differential between a first pressure at a first location on the wing and a second pressure at a second location on the wing spaced from the first location and a second pressure differential between a third pressure at a third location on the wing and a fourth pressure at a fourth location on the wing spaced from the third location. An air pressure-electrical transducer is provided which is responsive to the first, second, third and fourth pressures for producing plural electrical signal outputs indicative of the individual pressures thus detected. An electrical circuit is responsive to each of the electrical signal outputs for producing a quotient signal representing the aforesaid linearly variable ratio. The indicator is responsive to the quotient signal. The air pressure-electrical transducer is fixedly mounted inside a compartment in the wing of the aircraft.

Abstract: An aircraft instrumentation system having an indicator which indicates a linearly variable ratio of the pressure differential between two pressures at two different locations on the aircraft wing and two pressures located remote therefrom. An electrical circuit is responsive to the pressures to determine and indicate the aforesaid ratio. Each of the locations wherein pressure is to be detected is positioned so that the aforesaid ratio remains nondouble valued independent of electrical compensation circuits which are responsive to variations in aircraft power and flap setting to thereby provide a ratio which is a function only of a normalized coefficient of lift (C.sub.LN *) and to thereby provide the pilot with an indication at all times as to the aircraft's orientation relative to the maximum coefficient of lift.