Abstract: Rodent therapeutic models are provided containing at least human hepatocytes and at least one of human hematopoietic bone marrow cells and human cord blood. Such rodent therapeutic models can also be immunodeficient and/or contain human intestinal enzymes. These partially humanized rodent therapeutic models can have at least partially humanized bone marrow and a partially humanized liver. These rodent models include mice. The rodent models can be transplanted with one or more tumors, for example, xenotransplantation with a human tumor. Toxicological and efficacy trials of various therapies, for example, anti-cancer therapies, can be performed with these rodent therapeutic models. Oral administration of camptothecin can demonstrate increased toxicity in the humanized mice.

Abstract: Methods of preparing CPT-esters are described. The methods include using at least one acid in the esterification reactions or acylation reactions of camptothecins.

Abstract: Hydrated crystalline camptothecin esters, such as crystalline aliphatic ester hydrates of camptothecin, pharmaceutical compositions containing crystalline aliphatic ester hydrates of camptothecin, methods of treating a cancer or malignant tumor using the crystalline camptothecin ester hydrates and methods of making the same are described.

Abstract: Methods of preparing CPT-esters are described. The methods include using at least one acid in the esterification reactions or acylation reactions of camptothecins.