Abstract: Provided is a vertical non-volatile memory device in which a capacitor constituting a peripheral circuit region is formed as a vertical type so that an area occupied by the capacitor in the entire device can be reduced as compared with a planar capacitor. Thus, a non-volatile memory device may be highly integrated and have a high capacity.

Abstract: Provided is an outer casing having a bottomed tube shape, the casing having a cooling water supply port, and a cooling water discharge port, and being inserted into a high-temperature furnace; an inner casing having a bottomed tube shape inserted into the outer casing; an imaging unit that is disposed in the inner casing which captures an image of the exterior of the outer casing; and partition members that are between an inner surface of the outer casing and an outer surface of the inner casing which define a first flow channel, a second flow channel, and a communicating channel for communicating the first flow channel and the second flow channel between the bottom of the outer casing and the partition members.

Abstract: A thin film transistor includes a gate electrode on a substrate, a gate insulating layer on the gate electrode, a semiconductor layer on the gate insulating layer, the semiconductor layer overlapping at least a portion of the gate electrode, a plurality of etch stoppers on the semiconductor layer, and a source electrode and a drain electrode spaced apart from each other and disposed on the etch stoppers and the semiconductor layer, wherein a plurality of channel regions are defined in the semiconductor layer by the etch stoppers on the semiconductor layer.

Abstract: A cell unit constituting a fuel cell is provided with a first electrolyte membrane/electrode structure, a first separator, a second electrolyte membrane/electrode structure, and a second separator. The first and second electrolyte membrane/electrode structures respectively have a frame section on the outer periphery, and the frame sections are formed with a fluid communicating hole extending in the stacking direction. The first and second separators are disposed towards the inside of the fluid communication hole and are respectively provided with two metal plates which have the same shape and which are stacked on one another.

Abstract: A measurement pigment composition including pigment particles may be coated on a surrounding area of a display panel to form a strain measuring part. A strain of the display device may be measured by using 3D images of the strain measuring part.

Abstract: To decrease graininess in a display surface. First openings comprise third openings each having a first area that extends at a ?45 degree angle, and a second area that extends vertically, and fourth openings each having a first area that extends at a 45 degree angle, and a second area that extends vertically. Second openings comprise fifth openings each having a first area that extends at a 45 degree angle, and a second area that extends vertically, and sixth openings each having a first area that extends at a ?45 degree angle, and a second area that extends vertically. The third and the fifth openings are disposed along horizontally so that one third opening and one fifth opening adjacent to each other overlap. The fourth and the sixth openings are disposed along horizontally so that a part of one fourth opening and one sixth opening adjacent to each other overlap.

Abstract: A method for operating a Mobile Station (MS) for uplink (UL) power control in a wireless communication system. The method includes: determining an UL Transmit (Tx) power value compensated for a gain difference value between a downlink (DL) Tx beam and an UL Receive (Rx) beam of a Base Station (BS); and transmitting an UL signal based on the determined UL Tx power value.

Abstract: A brilliant toner includes a toner particle that includes a binder resin, a flake-shaped brilliant pigment, and a layered inorganic substance, wherein a content of the layered inorganic substance is from 0.005% by weight to 2.0% by weight with respect to the toner particles, and 80% by weight or more of the layered inorganic substance is present in a portion being in a range of 5 nm to 20 nm from a surface of the toner particle.

Abstract: An apparatus for providing a wireless communication in a portable terminal includes a wireless communication unit and a controller which verifies basic service set identifications (BSSIDs) of access points when roaming between access points is completed, verifies whether an internet protocol (IP) address is assigned based on a wireless communication network list and the verified BSSIDs, and performs a wireless communication by using an IP address which is in use according to a verification result, wherein the wireless communication network list is a list which classifies a plurality of access points according to the same dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) by using BSSIDs of the plurality of access points connected to the portable terminal.

Abstract: A multi-battery charging circuit is described and it includes an electric power detecting unit for detecting remaining amount of electric power of each battery; a charging deciding unit provided with a first amount of electric power threshold and for comparing the remaining amount detected with the first threshold; and a charging unit for charging a plurality of batteries with a first strategy in a first time period, and with a second strategy in a second time period when the remaining amount of electric power of one or more of the batteries is equal to a second amount of electric power threshold, and with a third strategy in a third time period when the remaining amount is equal to a third amount of electric power threshold.

Abstract: Provided is a dipole ring magnetic field generator capable of generating a substantially unidirectional magnetic field in the internal space of a ring without using permanent magnet pieces having fan-shaped or trapezoidal sections, and as a result, a smaller skew angle therein is achieved. The sections of the permanent magnet pieces are shaped to be rectangular, and a plurality of the rectangular permanent magnet pieces are circularly placed at predetermined positions. Each of first, second, third and fourth permanent magnet units, which are main permanent magnet units, comprises five or more permanent magnet pieces. The first and third permanent magnet units, as well as the second and fourth permanent magnet units, are positioned oppositely from each other with respect to a central axis of the magnetic field generator and have hollow shapes or E-shapes facing against each other in a section perpendicular to the central axis.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing power consumption in a mobile device of a wireless communication system when discovering a central node is provided. The method for operating of a terminal for discovering at least one central node in a wireless communication system includes: generating a probe request signal and transmitting the probe request signal to at least one central node; after transmitting the probe request signal, switching from a normal mode to a low power mode and driving the terminal in the low power mode; in response to a mode switch instruction signal being received from the central node, switching the terminal from the low power mode to the normal mode; and receiving a probe response signal to the probe request signal from the central node in the normal mode.

Abstract: A headrest comprising a pad member that includes a recess shaped housing portion open to a rear side when the headrest is assembled to a vehicle seat and that is a resilient body that supports the head of an occupant; and an attachment member that has a portion housed in the housing portion, that is formed with an opening portion for attaching a display device to, and that further has an outer peripheral portion of the opening portion that is disposed further to the rear side than the pad member.

Abstract: An electrostatic charge image developing toner includes toner particles including a binder resin, a cyano pigment containing cyano group (—CN) in a molecular structure, and a benzonitrile compound which has a structure in which at least one cyano group (—CN) is present on a benzene ring as a substituent and has a molecular weight equal to or smaller than 300, wherein a content of the benzonitrile compound is from 1 ppm to 500 ppm with respect to the total amount of the toner particles.

Abstract: There is provided a method of operating a mobile terminal, the method including: executing an application using both a pen input and a touch input; sensing a pen input through a first input unit, and performing a function corresponding to the sensed pen input; and sensing a touch input through a second input unit, and performing a function corresponding to the sensed touch input.

Abstract: Provided are methods and apparatuses for entropy-encoding and entropy-decoding an image. The method for entropy-encoding an image includes operations of arithmetically encoding a binary value of a current coding symbol, by using a probability of a predefined binary value which is determined based on previously-coded symbols that are encoded before the current coding symbol; and updating the probability of the predefined binary value by using a plurality of scaling factors, according to the binary value of the current coding symbol.

Abstract: A display driver includes a memory, a receiver, an image output unit, a controller, and an image mode selection unit. The memory stores a video signal. The receiver receives the video signal and a first control signal from a host processor, where the first control signal corresponds to the video signal. The image output unit processes the video signal stored in the memory and outputs the processed video signal to a display unit. The controller controls the image output unit based on an image mode to display an image corresponding to the video signal. The image mode selection unit detects the first control signal and a second control signal from the controller, and changes the image mode based on the first control signal and second control signal.

Abstract: A light-transmissive adhesive film includes an adhesive layer in which an elastic modulus in a second area is higher than that in a first area, and also includes release layers on upper and lower portions of the adhesive layer.