Abstract: A surgical irrigation and aspiration system for aspirating fluid from a surgical site, such as the eye, including a surgical tool having irrigation and aspiration functions, and an irrigation fluid supply for providing irrigation fluid to the surgical tool. A peristaltic pump pumps aspiration fluid from the surgical site generally through and away from the surgical tool and through an aspiration flow line to a collection container. A dampening mechanism in the aspiration flow line before the pump dampens the oscillations of the aspiration fluid flow, caused by the inherent operation of the peristaltic pump, in the aspiration flow line, and thereby at the surgical site.

Abstract: A surgical cutting instrument such as for use in intraocular surgery having a handpiece with an elongate probe extending foward from it. The probe has an elongate stationary outer cutter with a port at its tip and an elongate inner cutter with a cutting surface coaxially disposed therein. The interior of the inner cutter communicates with a vacuum source. A spring and diaphragm assembly in the handpiece and powered by a low pressure pump causes the inner cutter to rapidly reciprocate axially in the outer cutter, and body material, such as vitreous material, drawn in through the port by the vacuum source is thereby chopped by the cutting surface and aspirated out of the patient's body through the handpiece. A large adjustment nut on the handpiece allows the size of the port to be easily adjusted. Irrigation fluid can be provided at the surgical site through an infusion cap which is adjustable both longitudinally and rotatably on the handpiece.

Abstract: An intraocular lens having one or more flexible haptic support loops connected to an optic. Each haptic support loop includes a first segment connected to the optic and extending therefrom at an acute angle relative to the optic periphery, a second segment extending from the first segment in an arc having at least one radius of curvature smaller than the radius of the optic and at least one radius of curvature on the side of the haptic opposite the acute angle formed by the first segment, and a third segment extending from the second segment in an arc having one or more radii of curvature greater than the radius of the optic which terminates in a free end spaced outwardly from the optic periphery.

Abstract: A corneal vacuum trephine system including a suction ring having an annular suction ring surface configured to define a suction annular space positionable against the eye. A vacuum device creates a vacuum in the suction annular space to secure the suction ring to the eye over the cornea. A trephine having a cutting edge is positionable so as to be movable relative to the suction ring for making with its cutting edge a circular cut in the cornea. A trephine guide is positionable on the suction ring for subsequently guiding the trephine therethrough and relative to the cornea. The guide permits the trephine to be separated from the suction ring after cutting the cornea when the suction ring is secured to the eye so that the cut in the cornea can be examined and the trephine positioned again in the suction ring precisely in the same place and orientation in the incomplete cornea cut to deepen the cut.

Abstract: A surgical aspirator cannula including an elongated body having a distal end, a distal end port, a proximal end, a proximal end port and an aspirator conduit passing longitudinally therethrough. A cannula is removably secured to the distal end and when secured its cannula tip opening communicates through the cannula passageway with the distal end port. The proximal end of the body member is connected to a vacuum pump. A ball valve assembly is mounted in the body member in the aspiration conduit, and is operated by a hand-operated lever, knob or button supported on the body member. When the lever is then operated the valve assembly is selectively opened or closed to selectively communicate the source of vacuum with the distal end port and thus the cannula. The cannula has its proximal end fitted into a ferrule which fits into an adaptor that is screwed into the distal end portion of the body member.

Abstract: Apparatus for performing electrochemical experiments in a laboratory for teaching the principles thereof is disclosed. The apparatus includes a holder unit, having a plurality of fluid-receiving recesses, and ion-conductive elements or substances, formed from a plant material having sufficient capillary action to permit ion travel therethrough. One recess receives an electrolytic solution, any remaining two recesses receive metallic salt solutions, and an ion-conductive substance is placed to extend from immersion in each salt solution to the electrolyte solution, forming in conjunction with the electrolytic solution an ion-conducting electrolyte bridge. Thin strips of a metal element are partially immersed in each reactant solution to initiate oxidation-reduction reactions, creating dissimilar electrodes forming a galvanic cell.

Abstract: Lubricating oil dispersants are made by reacting an (a) alkenyl succinic anhydride, (b) an alcohol (e.g. pentaerythritol), (c) a hydroxy-substituted amine (e.g. tris-hydroxymethylaminomethane, (d) a polyoxyalkyleneamine, and (e) an alkenyl succinimide.

Abstract: A process for making an overbased low-soap alkaline earth metal hydrocarbylsulfonate in a single stage by mixing in an inert diluent (a) a hydrocarbyl sulfonic acid of 400-1500 molecular weight, (b) alkaline earth metal oxide or hydroxide in an amount to provide a stoichiometric excess equivalent to a total base number of at least 200 and to provide a "metal ratio" of at least 0.02.times.mol wt of the sulfonic acid, (c) an alkanol of 1-4 carbon atoms, preferably methanol, (d) water and (e) ammonium formate and then passing carbon dioxide into the mixture to convert excess alkaline earth metal base to carbonate.

Abstract: Lubricant additives having antioxidant and antiwear properties are made by reacting an oolefin such as dicyclopentadiene with sulfur and a mercaptan.

Abstract: Lubricating oils for internal combustion engine containing a minor amount of a combination of(A) an oil soluble basic organic nitrogen compound having a total base number of at least 300 and a pH of at least 9.5, and(B) an alkyl or alkenyl succinic acid containing 10-50 carbon atoms have improved corrosion properties.

Abstract: Lubricating oils having improved antioxidant and antiwear properties are obtained by adding a minor amount of a reaction product made by reacting an olefinic hydrocarbon containing about 6-18 carbon atoms and about 1-3 olefinic double bonds concurrently with sulfur and hydrogen sulfide to obtain a reaction intermediate and reacting this intermediate with additional olefin hydrocarbon which may be the same or different. Preferred olefinic hydrocarbons are dicyclopentadiene and alloocimene.

Abstract: New compounds are derived from intra-molecular and inter-molecular, in the case of a polymer, sulphur bridged hydrocarbon rings of 12 carbon atoms. The hydrocarbon ring is preferably 1,5,9-cyclododecatriene. The compound also contains the residue of a dithiophosphoric acid containing two organic moieties. The new compounds are useful in major or minor amounts in lubricating oil compositions. The lubricating oil may be a hydraulic oil. The composition may also contain other conventional lubricant additives.

Abstract: New compounds are derived from intramolecular and intermolecular, in the case of a polymer, sulfur-bridged hydrocarbon rings containing from 6 to 12 carbon atoms. The hydrocarbon ring is preferably derived from 1,5-cyclooctadiene. The compounds also contain the residue of an alkoxyalkyl or aryloxyalkyl xanthate and may also contain the residue of a further nucleophilic group. The new compounds are useful in lubricating oil compositions. The compositions may also contain other conventional lubricant additives.

Abstract: The reaction of a boron compound (e.g., boric acid) with an alkylphenoxy alkanoic acid amide (polyisobutylphenoxyacetamide of tetraethylenepentamine) forms a boronated product useful as a lubricating oil dispersant having improved properties.

Abstract: Norbornenyl compounds such as dicyclopentadiene are sulfurized by reaction with a controlled amount of sulfur in the absence of a solvent or using a non-polar solvent to give a normally liquid oil-soluble sulfur-containing compound useful as a lubricating oil additive.

Abstract: Zinc dihydrocarbyldithiophosphates are made by the reaction of zinc oxide with dihydrocarbyldithiophosphoric acid in the presence of mineral oil which has been reacted with nitrogen dioxide. The nitrogen dioxide treatment alters the oil such that it promotes the zinc oxide reaction. The process is especially adapted for making zinc dialkaryldithiophosphates useful as lubricating oil additives.

Abstract: Amides of C.sub.50-200 alkylphenoxy-substituted aliphatic carboxylic acids made by reacting a C.sub.50-200 alkylphenol with a halocarboxylic ester (e.g., butyl chloroacetate) followed by displacement of the ester group with an amide group have a much higher content of amide than a product made using a halocarboxylic acid reactant in place of the ester. The product is an effective lubricating oil dispersant.

Abstract: Polyesters suitable for use as lubricant additives are prepared by reacting a di-carboxylic acid or anhydride having a branched chain alkyl or alkenyl substituent containing at least 30 carbon atoms with a compound having the formula: ##STR1## wherein R and R.sup.1 are specified substituents which between them possess from 2 to 6 free hydroxyl groups. Lubricating compositions containing these polyester additives are also described.

Abstract: Bis-substituted phenols bridged through a carbon atom of an aliphatic carboxylic amide or ester are effective ashless dispersants for lubricating oil. Preferably, the phenols are substituted with a high molecular weight poly-alpha-olefin group.

Abstract: Alkylphenoxy alkanoic esters are made in high yield by reaction of a C.sub.50-200 alkylphenol with a halo-substituted alkanoic ester in the presence of a base. The reaction product contains little unreacted alkylphenol and is converted without separation to a reaction mixture containing mainly alkylphenoxy alkanoic amide by reaction with amines. The amide reaction mixture is an effective ashless dispersant for lubricating oil.