Abstract: This invention relates to the development of a mammalian expression vector, under which expression of the structural genes of western equine encephalitis virus have been placed under the control of an eucaryotic promoter. When the recombinant vector is administered to mammalian cell culture or using a cell-free transcription/translation system, in vitro, authentic structural proteins of western equine encephalitis virus are produced as verified by reactivity with monoclonal antibodies developed to western equine encephalitis virus. When the recombinant DNA molecule is administered in vivo, a protective immune response is induced, thereby enhancing protection of the individual against subsequent infection by western equine encephalitis virus. In a similar manner, DNA vaccines to related alphaviruses (Venezuelan and eastern equine encephalitis viruses) could also be developed.

Abstract: The invention provides apparatus for injecting a sample of a fluid into a sealed pouch. The apparatus includes a framework and an injection needle for coupling to a source of the fluid to supply the fluid to the pouch. A drive mechanism is attached to the framework and is coupled to the injection needle for operation to move the needle between a withdrawn position and an engagement position with the needle moving along a first line of travel. A hopper is attached to the framework for containing a plurality of pouches in a stack, and a transport mechanism is attached to the framework and has a shuttle moveable along a second line of travel at right angles to the first line of travel. The shuttle moves pouches one at a time from the hopper to a position in line with the needle to receive the sample from the needle with the needle in the engagement position.