Abstract: An apparatus for determining the identity or authenticity of a document and/or the identity of a user of a document to determine if such person is authorized to do so, and which document is formed as a data carrier, comprising readers for data which can be automatically read and applied to the document. A keyboard or equivalent structure is provided for the infeed of a secret code, such as a number(s), letter(s) or other characters, as is also an evaluation circuit. The evaluation circuit comprises a fixed storage where there can be stored constant data and data processing programs, an access circuit which evaluates parts of the automatically readable data of the document and/or the secret code written in by means of the keyboard in the form of select addresses.

Abstract: An apparatus for the storage and reading of data combined from binary characters, comprising a data carrier having adjacently arranged separate signal conductor tracks incorporating intermediate spaces extending along the columns and separating the conductor tracks, bridge elements provided for the data carrier for the one binary character in the intermediate spaces between the conductor tracks at predetermined intersection points of the columns and lines. The bridge elements interconnecting at the intersection points both of the conductor tracks of a relevant column with one another.