Abstract: A memory device includes a gate electrode, a gate insulating layer formed on the gate electrode, a tunneling insulating layer stacked on the gate insulating layer, a channel layer stacked on the tunneling insulating layer, and a source electrode and a drain electrode formed on the channel layer to be spaced apart from each other. The tunneling insulating layer suppresses tunneling of charges from any one of the channel layer and the gate electrode by a voltage applied to each of the gate electrode and the drain electrode, and a density of tunneled charges is set according to the voltage applied to the drain electrode to output and store multiple current levels.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for determining an available driving space, including a laser distance sensor installed in a vehicle and configured to sense a region in front of the vehicle by a predetermined distance to generate distance information, a signal processing unit configured to generate plane distance information by using the distance information generated by the laser distance sensor, a curb searching unit configured to determine correlation and similarity between the generated plane distance information and previous plane distance information to search for a curb, and a determining unit configured to determine whether the region in front of the vehicle by the predetermined distance is an available driving space depending on whether a route of a curb searched by the curb searching unit is included in a driving region.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of measuring the radiation characteristic of an antenna, where sufficient power is secured within a short period of time and supplied in a stable manner so as to always keep the intensity of measurement signals high irrespective of the measurement frequency. With the antenna radiation measurement method, upon receipt of measurement frequency signals, location information and measured values are processed to transmit measurement signals, and a charging high frequency of several hundred megahertz (MHz) to several hundred gigahertz (GHz) is scanned toward a tester body such that inductive power is generated to allow the self-charging. The measurement frequency signals are transmitted toward the tester body through a source antenna, and the measured signals transmitted from the measurement antennas of the respective measurement modules are received and data-processed at a measurement controller.