Abstract: Provided are a bladder cancer diagnosis composition containing APE1/Ref-1, a bladder cancer diagnostic kit containing an antibody which specifically binds to the APE1/Ref-1, and a method of measuring APE1/Ref-1 concentration in biological samples through an antigen-antibody binding reaction using the antibody which specifically binds to the APE1/Ref-1. According to the invention, the APE1/Ref-1 protein concentration in serum of bladder cancer patients is significantly higher than in healthy subjects, and more particularly, it significantly increases in the serum of patients with stage 2 or later bladder cancer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a shared key management method for SCADA system in which a master terminal unit (MTU), a plurality of sub-master terminal units (sub-MTUs), and a plurality of remote terminal units (RTUs) are sequentially and hierarchically structured, comprising the steps of: generating shared keys of a group key in a tree structure by the MTU, the tree structure including a binary tree ranging from a root node corresponding to the MTU to intermediate nodes corresponding to the sub-MTUs; storing shared keys of descendant nodes and ancestor nodes of an intermediate node of a sub-MTU by the sub-MTU; and updating, upon updating of a shared key of an intermediate node, all shared keys of on-path nodes from the updated intermediate node to the root node, the shared keys of the on-path nodes being updated using their own shared keys and shared keys of off-path child nodes.