Abstract: A method for grafting maleic anhydride groups to the surface of polyolefins s described. The method uses an excited inert gas phase species in contact with the polyolefin and solid maleic anhydride. The surface functionality is identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and transmission Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The modified polyolefin has an increased ability to form a thermal bond with metals, including aluminum.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
June 2, 1995
Date of Patent:
March 18, 1997
Assignees:
The University of Western Ontario, in trust for Surface Science Western, The University of Western Ontario, The Institute For Chemical Science and Technology
Inventors:
Renate Foerch, Duncan H. Hunter, Mary J. Walzak, Blair A. Graham
Abstract: Surfaces of fine polystyrene (PS) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) powders were modified by exposure to the downstream products of a nitrogen or oxygen microwave plasma. The effects of nitrogen and indium incorporation in the powder surface were studied with emphasis on variations in the triboelectric properties of the powder. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was utilized to determine the changes in surface elemental composition. After nitrogen plasma treatment, the C 1s peak profiles suggested the formation of amines in the case of PS, and the formation of imines and amides in the case of PMMA. Oxygen plasma treatment suggested the formation of hydroxyl and carbonyl groups on the surfaces of both PS and PMMA. After treatment with a nitrogen or oxygen plasma, the charge-to-mass ratio (Q/M) of PS and PMMA powders in contact with carrier particles was measured using the cage blowoff method. The surface charge density (Q/A) was calculated from Q/M.
Type:
Grant
Filed:
December 23, 1992
Date of Patent:
February 1, 1994
Assignees:
The University of Western Ontario, I.C.S.T., The Institute For Chemical Science and Technology, Fujitsu Limited
Inventors:
Jun Kodama, Renate Foerch, N. Stewart McIntyre, George S. P. Castle