Abstract: The invention relates to an improved silver/silver-chloride reference electrode adapted for use in aqueous corrodent solutions at high temperatures and high pressures. The reference electrode provides a useful standard for measuring electrochemical phenomena related to the corrosion process so that metals can be compared on a thermodynamically useful scale. The formation of bubbles within the reference electrode, which can cause open circuit conditions, is substantially avoided by equalization of internal and external pressure through the use of a heat sealing vent means within the electrode body. Ionic conduction between the electrolyte contained within the reference electrode and the corrodent solution is controlled by a bridge containing tightly gripped fibers which are subjected to additional compression during heating and subsequent pressurization.

Abstract: A low reactivity nickel-iron-magnesium-silicon addition alloy is provided which is particularly amenable to controlled crushing and especially useful for continuous treatment methods for producing ductile cast iron.

Abstract: The high temperature properties of a nickel-base alloy containing correlated percentages of chromium, cobalt, tungsten, molybdenum, titanium, aluminium, carbon, tantalum, niobium, zirconium, hafnium, boron, yttrium and lanthanum are substantially maintainedor improved by further correlation of the percentages of chromium, carbon and boron in the alloy.

Abstract: An article such as a screen printing cylinder prepared from a hard nickel electrodeposit is characterized by improved resistance to embrittlement when exposed to temperatures above about 200.degree. C. Electrodeposits affording improved resistance to embrittlement contain 0.007-1% sulfur and 0.02-5% manganese. The amount of manganese in the electrodeposits is correlated to the amount of sulfur present so that the manganese is present in an amount in excess of the stoichiometric amount required to form manganese sulfide. The electrodeposits which are also characterized by usefully low levels of internal stress are prepared using conventional nickel plating baths modified by the addition of sources of manganese ions and sulfur.

Abstract: Nickel-chromium stainless steel is of austenitic composition specially controlled to enable achieving resistance to elevated-temperature oxidation and corrosion at desirably economical levels of alloy content as low as 10% chromium and 10% nickel. Oxidation and corrosion resistant characteristics of the steel particularly include resistance to air-water atmospheres and gasoline exhaust atmospheres that are cyclically heated and cooled with heating to temperatures as high as 1800.degree. F. and cooling to room temperature. Steel has special utility for automotive exhaust train components and is generally useful for cyclically heated structural articles.

Abstract: An improvement in the process of flotation of sulfide minerals from basic gangue involving employing in association with a collector an alkylamidohydroxylated quaternary amine salt.

Abstract: A calcium-nickel compound, CaNi.sub.5, is used to store hydrogen at sub-atmospheric pressures. Charging of the calcium-nickel compound with hydrogen can be accomplished at sub-atmospheric as well as at high pressures. Stored hydrogen can be released from a valved vessel containing calcium-nickel by applicatin of a vacuum or by heating.

Abstract: A nickel-mischmetal-calcium compound is used to store gaseous hydrogen at pressures up to about 15 atmospheres at ambient temperatures. The Ni.sub.5 M.sub.1-y Ca.sub.y compounds have values of y ranging from about 0.2 to about 0.9. Alloys conforming to this formula contain from about 4% to about 27% mischmetal, from about 2% to about 11% calcium, up to about 15% copper, and the balance essentially nickel.

Abstract: A process for substantially reducing the presence of impurities from a sulfur-containing feed material such as dust and hydrometallurgical wastes that result from smelting and refining operations. Pelletized feed materials are heated to 800.degree. to 1150.degree. C and reacted with a gas stream containing chlorine and oxygen. In the presence of sulfur dioxide formed in situ and due to the presence of residual sulfur, the order of volatilization of the elements contained in the feed material is changed from that known for conventional chloridization processes to a more advantageous order. The elements Cd, Bi, Re, Pb, Mo, Sn, Sb, Zn, and As are volatilized and thereby separated from the solid feed material which is consequently enriched in Cu, Ag, Co, Fe, Ni, Au, and precious metals. The feed material is subsequently refined conventionally.

Abstract: High-strength, heat-resistant and corrosion-resistant castings, e.g., gas turbine blades, are composed of monovariant nickel-chromium-molybdenum basic eutectic alloy composition directionally solidified in microstructure having lamellar fibrous phase dispersed in alloy matrix.

Abstract: Sulfur-containing nickel is electrodeposited from a chloride electrolyte in a cell wherein each cathode is separated from any adjacent anode by a pair of diaphragms.

Abstract: An electrolyte containing an organic buffering agent is used to electrowin nickel with a comparatively high bite in a diaphragm-free cell.

Abstract: A process for extracting metal values from sea nodules is provided in which nickel, cobalt and copper values are selectively extracted by leaching raw sea nodules in an aqueous ammoniacal medium in the presence of a reducing agent for tetravalent manganese and carbonate to precipitate the reduced manganese as manganous carbonate.

Abstract: Continuous lengths of metal foil, such as 4 micron thick nickel foil stored in coils, are perforated by anodic etching through a perforated titanium mask while foil and mask are simultaneously moving together through electrolytic etching bath.

Abstract: Articles are electroplated with ruthenium in plating bath containing ruthenium cationic complex [Ru.sub.2 N(NH.sub.3).sub.8 X.sub.2 ].sup.3+. Bath provides advantages of enabling plating in alkaline solution, where desired, and avoids difficulties of protecting articles against attack by acid electrolyte baths.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of an iron-titanium-mischmetal alloy which is used for the storage of hydrogen. The alloy is prepared by air-melting an iron charge in a clay-graphite crucible, adding titanium and deoxidizing with mischmetal. The resultant alloy contains less than about 0.1% oxygen and exhibits a capability for hydrogen sorption in less than half the time required by vacuum-melted, iron-titanium alloys.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for water atomizing molten metal to provide a low oxygen metal powder. A molten metal stream is introduced to an atomization vessel containing a pressurized inert gas. The metal stream is atomized, by impingement of high pressure water within the atomization vessel. The atomization vessel has an exit aperture located so that the slurry of water and metal powder can exit from the atomization vessel only after deflection within the atomization vessel. Inert gas contained within the atomization vessel and entrapped within the slurry during atomization begins to leave the slurry during deflection, the inert gas returning to the atomization vessel atmosphere. The inert gas removal process continues after passage through the exit aperture and entrance into a closed degassing vessel.

Abstract: Nickel is electrowon from aqueous, all-sulfate electrolytes containing small, controlled amounts of sulfur-free hydrocolloidal polymers of intermediate molecular weight. Operable hydrocolloidal polymers include dextrin, gum arabic and water-soluble cellulose derivatives.

Abstract: Metal powders are hot isostatically pressed in a can or container produced from superplastic metal sheet.

Abstract: A dispersion-strengthened ferritic alloy is provided which has high temperature strength and is readily fabricable at ambient temperatures and which is useful as structural elements of liquid metal fast breeder reactors.