Abstract: A weld-joining structure between an outer panel and an attachment is achieved, which is advantageous in terms of appearance, workability, and cost. To weld-join the outer panel and the attachments including, such as frame members and opening frames and opening frame members, which is a reinforcement or an interior or exterior member for use in the outer panel, the outer panel and the attachment placed on the outer panel are weld-joined by laser welding at overlapping portions of the outer panel and the attachment. The laser welding is performed along a polishing mark formed in one direction on an externally exposed-side surface of the outer panel and the attachment.

Abstract: When surface grinding finish for decoration or other purposes is performed by applying a film to the front surface of a metal plate that is welded linearly with penetration from the rear surface side thereof. In this manner, the metal plate can be subjected to the surface grinding finish such that an appearance similar to weld marks is not created.

Abstract: When surface grinding finish for decoration or other purposes is performed by applying a film to the front surface of a metal plate that is welded linearly with penetration from the rear surface side thereof. In this manner, the metal plate can be subjected to the surface grinding finish such that an appearance similar to weld marks is not created.

Abstract: To join vertically and horizontally arranged frame members to the interior face of an outer panel, the horizontal frame members are disposed on the outer panel so as to take precedence over the vertical frame members and are weld-joined to the outer panel. The vertical frame members are placed on the horizontal frame members from the interior side and are weld-joined to the horizontal frame members. The vertical frame member includes a standard-width frame member and a wide-width frame member having a width greater than the width of the standard-width frame member. The vertical frame members are joined to and in contact with the outer panel at a reduced number of points, so that the appearance of the outer panel is maintained in a good condition. With this configuration, a low cost vertical and horizontal frame structure is achieved, which has sufficiently high joint strength that provides the required strength of the outer panel.

Abstract: A body frame structure having practically sufficient strength is provided. The body frame structure has a simple structure that can be obtained by simple joining operation. Vertically and horizontally arranged first and second frame members are weld-joined to an outer panel with an end portion of the second frame member facing a side surface of the first frame member. The first frame member is placed in a straddling manner on the outer panel and the end portion of the second frame member weld-joined to the outer panel and is weld-joined to both the second frame member and the outer panel. In this manner, even when the vertically and horizontally arranged first and second frame members are laser-welded to the outer panel, the joint strength can be improved without using a joint plate.

Abstract: When surface grinding finish for decoration or other purposes is performed by applying a film to the front surface of a metal plate that is welded linearly with penetration from the rear surface side thereof, a plurality of the films are applied so as not to cover weld lines. In this manner, the metal plate can be subjected to the surface grinding finish such that an appearance similar to weld marks is not created.

Abstract: When surface grinding finish for decoration or other purposes is performed by applying a film to the front surface of a metal plate that is welded linearly with penetration from the rear surface side thereof. In this manner, the metal plate can be subjected to the surface grinding finish such that an appearance similar to weld marks is not created.

Abstract: When surface grinding finish for decoration or other purposes is performed by applying a film to the front surface of a metal plate that is welded linearly with penetration from the rear surface side thereof. In this manner, the metal plate can be subjected to the surface grinding finish such that an appearance similar to weld marks is not created.

Abstract: A body frame structure having practically sufficient strength is provided. The body frame structure has a simple structure that can be obtained by simple joining operation. Vertically and horizontally arranged first and second frame members are weld-joined to an outer panel with an end portion of the second frame member facing a side surface of the first frame member. The first frame member is placed in a straddling manner on the outer panel and the end portion of the second frame member weld-joined to the outer panel and is weld-joined to both the second frame member and the outer panel. In this manner, even when the vertically and horizontally arranged first and second frame members are laser-welded to the outer panel, the joint strength can be improved without using a joint plate.

Abstract: To join vertically and horizontally arranged frame members to the interior face of an outer panel, the horizontal frame members are disposed on the outer panel so as to take precedence over the vertical frame members and are weld-joined to the outer panel. The vertical frame members are placed on the horizontal frame members from the interior side and are weld-joined to the horizontal frame members. The vertical frame member includes a standard-width frame member and a wide-width frame member having a width greater than the width of the standard-width frame member. The vertical frame members are joined to and in contact with the outer panel at a reduced number points, so that the appearance of the outer panel is maintained in a good condition. With this configuration, a low cost vertical and horizontal frame structure is achieved, which has sufficiently high joint strength that provides the required strength of the outer panel.

Abstract: A weld-joining structure between an outer panel and an attachment is achieved, which is advantageous in terms of appearance, workability, and cost. To weld-join the outer panel and the attachments including, such as frame members and opening frames and opening frame members, which is a reinforcement or an interior or exterior member for use in the outer panel, the outer panel and the attachment placed on the outer panel are weld-joined by laser welding at overlapping portions of the outer panel and the attachment. The laser welding is performed along a polishing mark formed in one direction on an externally exposed-side surface of the outer panel and the attachment.

Abstract: When surface grinding finish for decoration or other purposes is performed by applying a film (4) to the front surface of a metal plate (1) that is welded linearly with penetration (10) from the rear surface side thereof, a plurality of the films (4) are applied so as not to cover weld lines (3). In this manner, the metal plate (1) can be subjected to the surface grinding finish such that an appearance similar to weld marks is not created.

Abstract: The invention is structured such that an additional low-floor Vehicle C (intermediate vehicle) is inserted between a high-floor Vehicle A (leading vehicle) and a Vehicle B (trailing vehicle). Between Vehicle A and Vehicle C and between Vehicle B and Vehicle C, un-motorized idling carriages (10) and (24) are used for articulation, respectively. Therefore, the articulation structure that is used between the conventional Vehicle A and Vehicle B can be used also between Vehicle A and Vehicle C, and between Vehicle C and Vehicle B. In other words, the underframe structure of the Vehicle C rear half section is the same as the underframe structure of the Vehicle A rear half section and the underframe structure of Vehicle C top end section is the same as the underframe structure of Vehicle B top end section.

Abstract: For relieving the impact force of a collision and insuring passenger safety by building an easily destructible structure into a railroad car underframe, two transversally extending cross or end sills 21, 23 are disposed in parallel and longitudinally spaced apart relation at the front end of a railroad car underframe 1 and energy absorbing sills 61 adapted to absorb shock energy by undergoing wall buckling when subjected to a shock load exceeding a predetermined value from the front of the car is disposed between the cross beams.

Abstract: The running stabilizing linkage system of the invention, which is applicable to the joints of a 3-coach articulate car essentially consisting of a front coach, a rear coach and an intermediate coach which is comparatively short, comprises a link holder 2 disposed rotatably about a vertical axis in the center in plan view of the intermediate coach, a pair of connecting rods 4, 4 each connected to the link holder through a bearing 7, with the connecting rods being supported rotatably about vertical axes in positions radially equi-spaced from the center of the link holder, and a pair of link brackets 3, 3 each disposed in the transverse center of the end of the front or near coach which is closer to the intermediate coach, with the other end of each connecting rod being connected rotatably about a vertical axis to the corresponding link bracket 3 through a bearing 8. This linkage prevents jolt of the car, particularly pitching of the intermediate coach.