Abstract: A process for improving the corrosion resistance of an iron or steel part having a phosphate conversion coating, said method comprising contact of said part with a solution containing ions selected from the group of cobalt ions and nickel ions. Preferably, the solution also containing stannous ions. Contact may be by immersion or spraying.

Abstract: A process for improving the corrosion resistance of an iron or steel part having a phosphate conversion coating, said method comprising contact of said part with a solution containing ions selected from the group of cobalt ions and nickel ions. Preferably, the solution also contains stannous ions. Contact may be by immersion or spraying.

Abstract: A process for improving the corrosion resistance of an iron or steel part having a phosphate conversion coating, said method comprising contact of said part with a solution containing ions selected from the group of cobalt ions and nickel ions. Preferably, the solution also contains stannous ions. Contact may be by immersion or spraying.

Abstract: A solution and process for cleaning, deoxidizing and brightening copper or copper alloys comprising immersion of the copper or copper alloy in a solution comprising an aqueous mixture of sulfuric aid and peroxide, a low molecular weight ammonium compound, and a fatty acid amine. The solution may also be used as an etchant and/or to prepare copper or copper alloy for electroplating by modifying the concentrations of the solution's constituents.

Abstract: An improved spacer for use in an electrodialysis stack, the spacer comprising an inner ply, two intermediate plies, and two outer plies of a compressible material. These plies are held together by a water-resistant, pressure-sensitive adhesive with the inside of each intermediate ply being bonded to a side of the inner ply and each outer ply being bonded to the outside of an intermediate ply. The resulting spacer is assembled into an electrodialysis stack alternating with anion and cation selective membranes, the spacer and membranes being held in place by externally applied pressure to form a stack which is free from cross-leaking and seepage problems, and yet readily disassembled for servicing.

Abstract: The invention is for a process for providing a protective, color receptive coating over aluminum using chemical means without a requirement for the use of an electric current as in electrical anodizing. Absent conventional steps such as water rinses, the process comprises cleaning, including desmutting of the surface of an aluminum part as necessary, and treatment with an aqueous alkaline solution of ferric citrate for a time sufficient to provide the coating over the part. The treated aluminum part has enhanced corrosion resistance and the coating over the part acts as a base for other coatings such as paint, and is readily dyed.