Abstract: Aspects of the invention relate to methods for producing lactic acid from organic waste, comprising contacting organic waste with a microbial community to form a fermentation mixture, and fermenting the fermentation mixture under controlled pH and temperature conditions for a time sufficient to produce lactic acid.

Abstract: The present application provides, among other things, compounds, compositions and methods for treating various diseases including cancer.

Abstract: Articles and methods comprising persistent carbenes are provided, as well as related compositions. In some embodiments, a persistent carbene may be associated with a portion of a substrate (e.g., at least a portion of a surface on the substrate). In certain embodiments, the association of persistent carbene with the substrate may be used to affect certain properties of substrate (e.g., surface chemistry, stability). In some cases, a persistent carbene may be functionalized after association with a portion of a substrate. In some embodiments, a persistent carbene and at least one secondary compound may be associated with a portion of a substrate. Articles and methods of the present invention may be useful for applications involving electronics, sensing, microfabrication, nanotechnology, biomimetic, and drug delivery, amongst others.

Abstract: Three-dimensional imagers have conventionally been constrained by size, weight, and power (“SWaP”) limitations, readout circuitry bottlenecks, and the inability to image in sunlit environments. As described herein, an imager can illuminate a scene with spatially and temporally modulated light comprising a viewpoint-invariant pattern. The imager can detect diffuse reflections from the illuminated scene to produce a first image. The first image is background-corrected and compared with respect to a known reference image to produce a depth image. The imager can perform in sunlit environments and has improved SWaP and signal-to-noise (SNR) characteristics over existing technologies.

Abstract: Method are described for inhibiting movement of a bodily fluid and/or contaminants on or in an animal comprising administering to the animal self-assembling peptidomimetics, including ?-peptides, ?-peptides, ?-peptides, and/or ?-peptides.

Abstract: Wingsail. The wingsail includes a substantially rigid airfoil section having a leading and a trailing edge and a flap is attached to the trailing edge through a torsion fitting having a torsional stiffness along the span of the rigid airfoil section selected to control flap deflection with respect to the rigid airfoil section under aerodynamic loading to control rolling moment of the wingsail.

Abstract: Described herein are compounds and compositions characterized, in certain embodiments, by conjugation of various groups, such as lipophilic groups, to an amino or amide group of an amino acid, a linear or cyclic peptide, a linear or cyclic polypeptide, or structural isomer thereof, to provide compounds of the present invention, collectively referred to herein as “APPLs”. Such APPLs are deemed useful for a variety of applications, such as, for example, improved nucleotide delivery. Exemplary APPLs include, but are not limited to, compounds of Formula (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V), and (VI), and salts thereof, as described herein: wherein m, n, p, R?, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R8, Z, W, Y, and Z are as defined herein.

Abstract: Techniques are provided to independently control 3D shape and chemistry of rapidly produced colloids. A pre-polymer mixture including a monomer is made to flow into a channel with insular relief in a wall at a known location of the channel. A stimulus that polymerizes the pre-polymer mixture is directed onto the known location to form a structure locked in place at the known location by the insular relief. A pressure is applied to the channel that is sufficient to deflect the wall having the insular relief sufficiently to release a hydrogel particle comprising the structure.

Abstract: A system for optical amplification includes an optical fiber with a core containing a gain medium surrounded by a cladding, a seed light source, a control light source, and a pump source. The seed light source transmits seed light, at a first wavelength and having a first linewidth greater than 100 MHz, into the core of the fiber. The control light source transmits control light, at a second wavelength shorter than the first wavelength, into the core where it interacts with the pumped gain medium so as to reduce the peak rate of heat deposition per unit length along the fiber. The control light has a second linewidth greater than 100 MHz. The pump source transmits pump light at a pump wavelength, shorter than the second wavelength, into the fiber so as to pump the gain medium and amplify the seed light.

Abstract: Shape memory and pseudoelastic martensitic behavior is enabled by a structure in which there is provided a crystalline ceramic material that is capable of undergoing a reversible martensitic transformation and forming martensitic domains, during such martensitic transformation, that have an average elongated domain length. The ceramic material is configured as an oligocrystalline ceramic material structure having a total structural surface area that is greater than a total grain boundary area in the oligocrystalline ceramic material structure. The oligocrystalline ceramic material structure includes an oligocrystalline ceramic structural feature which has an extent that is less than the average elongated domain length of the crystalline ceramic material.

Abstract: A fiber is provided, including a cladding material that is disposed along a longitudinal-axis fiber length. A plurality of spherical particles are disposed as a sequence along a longitudinal line parallel to the longitudinal fiber axis in at least a portion of the fiber length, and include a spherical particle material that is interior to the fiber cladding material and different than the fiber cladding material. To produce particles, a drawn fiber, having a longitudinal-axis fiber length and including at least one fiber core that has a longitudinal core axis parallel to the longitudinal fiber axis and that is internally disposed to at least one outer fiber cladding layer along the fiber length, is heated for a time that is sufficient to cause a fiber core to break-up into droplets sequentially disposed along the fiber core axis. Fiber cooling solidifies droplets into spherical particles interior to fiber cladding.

Abstract: The disclosure generally relates to method and apparatus for forming three-dimensional MEMS. More specifically, the disclosure relates to a method of controlling out-of-plane buckling in microstructural devices so as to create micro-structures with out-of-plane dimensions which are 1×, 5×, 10×, 100× or 500× the film's thickness or above the surface of the wafer. An exemplary device formed according to the disclosed principles, includes a three dimensional accelerometer having microbridges extending both above and below the wafer surface.

Abstract: A composition for stabilizing dispersed particles in an ionically charged solution is disclosed. The composition includes a carbonaceous substrate, the carbonaceous substrate operable to undergo a grafting-to approach for functionalization. The composition also includes a covalently bound stabilizing polymer, the covalently bound stabilizing polymer operable to be prepared as a diazonium salt for grafting to the carbonaceous substrate and a plurality of positively and negatively charged subgroups, the plurality of positively and negatively charged subgroups positioned within the covalently bound stabilizing polymer, where the plurality of positively and negatively charged subgroups are operable to stabilize the dispersed particles amongst positively and negatively charged ions within the ionically charged solution.

Abstract: A system for introspection and annotation of electronic design data includes a tracked probe that interacts with an electronic circuit, a tracking system, schematics, design files, or models for the circuit, electronic design system software, and a user interface. The probe has a sensor that tracks the position of the probe within the circuit. The tracking system receives data from the sensor and translates it into coordinates reflecting the location of the probe within the circuit. The software uses the probe coordinates to locate the position of the probe on the circuit schematic, identify the circuit component at the probe location, and display information about the identified feature. The displayed information preferably includes an annotated version of the circuit schematic. The system may include a measurement or instrumentation device, the probe may include at least one parameter measurement device, and the display may include information derived from the parameter measurements.

Abstract: A three-terminal device that exhibits transistor-like functionality at cryogenic temperatures may be formed from a single layer of superconducting material. A main current-carrying channel of the device may be toggled between superconducting and normal conduction states by applying a control signal to a control terminal of the device. Critical-current suppression and device geometry are used to propagate a normal-conduction hotspot from a gate constriction across and along a portion of the main current-carrying channel. The three-terminal device may be used in various superconducting signal-processing circuitry.

Abstract: A hierarchical digital material comprises a set of self-similar digital voxels and connectors. Each voxel is connectable to other self-similar digital voxels by means of the connectors and each voxel is configured to accept connectors of differing sizes. Voxels and connectors may be of differing sizes. Voxels and connectors of the same or differing sizes are connectable to each other in order to assemble two- and three-dimensional structures. The voxels within a structure may be made of differing materials, as may the connectors.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus for use in wireless energy transfer, which includes a first resonator structure configured to transfer energy non-radiatively with a second resonator structure over a distance greater than a characteristic size of the second resonator structure. The non-radiative energy transfer is mediated by a coupling of a resonant field evanescent tail of the first resonator structure and a resonant field evanescent tail of the second resonator structure.

Abstract: High throughput system for in vivo screens on vertebrate larvae. The system includes a source of vertebrate larvae in a liquid medium and loading tube means for aspirating a larva. A detector assembly is provided to differentiate passage of a larva from bubbles and/or debris. An imaging means is provided for both confocal imaging and wide-field fluorescence imaging of the larva. A laser is provided for optical manipulation of the larva.

Abstract: A blue light emitting semiconductor nanocrystal having an quantum yield of greater than 20% can be incorporated in a light emitting device.

Abstract: The attenuation and other optical properties of a medium are exploited to measure a thickness of the medium between a sensor and a target surface. Disclosed herein are various mediums, arrangements of hardware, and processing techniques that can be used to capture these thickness measurements and obtain three-dimensional images of the target surface in a variety of imaging contexts. This includes general techniques for imaging interior/concave surfaces as well as exterior/convex surfaces, as well as specific adaptations of these techniques to imaging ear canals, human dentition, and so forth.