Abstract: An improved method and apparatus for optimizing the electrical properties while crystallizing material is disclosed. In this invention, a material which is to be crystallized is formed on a substrate and subjected to a heat treatment to intentionally induce thermal stress while crystallizing the material. The heat treatment melts the material being crystallized and when the material solidifies, a built-in stress is retained which, in the case of n-doped Si on fused silica results in a tensile stress which produces an electron mobility in the film of 870 cm.sup.2 /volt-sec as compared to similarly fashioned unstressed n-doped Si on SiO.sub.2 coated Si which has an electron mobility of 500 cm.sup.2 /volt-sec.

Abstract: A system for determining the cluster size distribution of submicron-size particles in a solution by optical pulse particle size analysis is provided. The system comprises a laminar flow cell having a translucent chamber, means for passing a sheath liquid and a sample liquid through the chamber, a light source and means for focusing the beam of light onto the chamber of the flow cell, a collecting lens, means for limiting collected light to a low angle, a stop, an iris, a light sensor and a means for processing the light signals. The system employs a combination of improved features which allows ultra-sensitive measurement of the cluster size distribution of particles, and can reliably detect as few as three dimers for every 10,000 monomers of micron size particles.

Abstract: This invention provides a means for determining the concentration of any of a wide range of antibody or antigen molecules with a high degree of specificity, accuracy and sensitivity. Antigen or antibody concentration is determined by effecting an agglutination reaction in a liquid medium and determining the cluster size distribution of agglutinated particles by optical pulse particle size analysis. The measured cluster size distribution then is compared with a standard quantitative relationship between the cluster size distribution and concentration of the antigen or antibody being tested. By this means one may specifically ascertain the absolute concentration of the antigen or antibody in question in the sample being analyzed. In addition to detecting antigen or antibody molecules, the process of this invention can be used to determine the concentration of any substance capable of specifically promoting or inhibiting an agglutination reaction such as viruses, white blood cells or the like.

Abstract: An accelerometer is provided by a sample mass suspended in a central area of a support by pairs of resonating arms. One pair of arms lies on one axis through the sample mass. Another pair of arms lies on a second axis through the sample mass perpendicular to the one axis. Acceleration of the mass and support is detected by a measured change in resonant frequency of the arms of a pair. The measured change in resonant frequency is the magnitude of the acceleration and the axis along which the pair of arms lies provides the direction of the acceleration. Orthogonal components of acceleration are simultaneously measured by the pairs of arms lying on perpendicular axes. Electrostatic force-rebalance techniques and other known techniques for measuring acceleration in a direction perpendicular to the axes of the pairs of arms are readily incorporated to provide a third direction measurement of acceleration. The accelerometer is fabricated in a monolithic process which employs micromachining techniques.

Abstract: A method for utilizing a purified exocellular polysaccharide, Zooglan, produced by Zoogloea ramigera, as a viscosity modifier, gellant, drag reducing agent, dispersant, flocculant, or emulsifying agent, wherein the properties of the polymer are dependent on, and can therefore be controlled by varying, the pH, the concentration of polymer, the ionic strength of the solution, and the processing parameters such as mechanical shear.The overall conformation of Zooglan, which is responsible for its functional properties, can be manipulated with pH and/or ionic strength of the solution. For example, the intrinsic viscosity of Zooglan (estimated m.w.=2.times.10.sup.7) can vary from 16 to 170 dl/g in aqueous solution as a function of pH between 2-9 and salt concentration between 0 and 1M KCl. Zooglan is a polyelectrolyte above pH 2. The Zooglan chain is relatively stiff, with a stiffness parameter of 0.02. Zooglan solutions at a concentration above 0.

Abstract: A composite structural member includes multiple layers with one or more embedded piezoelectric elements. In a conductive member, an insulating sheath electrically isolates each piezoelectric element while mechanically coupling it to the surrounding layers, forming a unitary structure with substantially homogeneous mechanical properties. In a graphite fiber composite structure, the piezoelectric elements are fitted in recesses in one or more interior layers, and located away from strain nodes of the structural members. Preferably pairs of elements are placed on opposite sides of a node and are driven in opposing phases to induce displacement of the structure. In a preferred prototype structure Kapton film insulates the piezoelectric elements, maintaining its integrity during a high temperature, high pressure curing process. An acrylic cement secures the insulator to the elements.

Abstract: An electro-optical device for providing spatial modulation of an incoming electromagnetic wave signal, and preferably a two-dimensional incoming signal applied orthogonally to an input plane of the device, which device includes an array of modulation regions for providing such modulation of portions of the incoming signal. An array of first reflective mirrors are positioned so as to direct the incoming electromagnetic wave signal portions through the interaction layer regions of the modulation regions in a direction substantially parallel thereto and an array of second reflective mirrors directs the modulated electromagnetic wave signal portions outwardly from the device to provide a two-dimensional spatially modulated output electromagnetic wave signal.

Abstract: A pressure sensitive valve suitable for various fluid delivery applications is disclosed consisting of a hollow body having an inlet and valve seat which defines the outlet. A valve stem is disposed within the hollow body, the stem having a valve head adapted to cooperate with the valve seat to open and close the valve, and also having a twisted biasing element which responds to fluid pressure on the valve head by linear expansion. The valve is particularly suited for automotive and industrial fuel injection.

Abstract: A reactor system especially suited for removal of chemical species from the bloodstream or other biological solutions containing suspended material. The reactor contains species such as enzymes, antibodies, receptors, anti-toxins, and a variety of drugs or inorganic compounds immobilized on particulate supports and/or solid phase adsorbents which react with specific materials under the appropriate conditions.The reactor chamber is cylindrical and may optionally include a second cylinder internal to, and concentric with, the first cylinder, where the annular space between the pair of concentric cylinders forms the fluid path. The reactor chamber is oscillated through an arc of between approximately 50 and 90 degrees along an axis perpendicular to the axis of the flow of fluid through the reactor.

Abstract: An information delivery method and apparatus uses a simplex channel from a central data base site for transmitting data stored at the site to a plurality of remote local terminals. The local terminals receive the broadcast data and selectively store a subset of the data. The local terminals can process user initiated queries directed to the stored data, and determine whether the data is available at the local terminal or at the central data base site. The local terminal can automatically access data not available in its data base. The remote local terminal has a facility for selectively storing only that information of particular interest to the local user and provides for listing desired information in a prioritized fashion and allocating memory to each category. A predicate data base model is developed for advantageously storing the information.

Abstract: Anticancer drug compositions are provided by chemically linking a platinum anticancer drug to an intercalative drug with a linking group that does not inactivate either drug.

Abstract: Effluent from a liquid chromatograph is deposited onto a moving flat sThe Government has rights in this invention pursuant to Grant Number 5-POl-ES01640-08 awarded by the National Institutes of Health.

Abstract: A method of producing interlayer conductive paths having substantially planar top surfaces in a multilayer integrated circuit structure, comprising the steps of forming elements of either a conductive or semiconductive material as a lower layer, depositing an insulative layer on top of the lower layer elements, implanting ions into one or more selected regions of the insulative layer, forming at least one upper conductor over the selected regions and sintering the integrated circuit structure sufficient to render the selected regions conductive. The invention also embraces an integrated circuit structures with interlayer conductive paths made in accordance with this method.

Abstract: A reactor, suitable for CVD processes, which presents a high aspect ratio to reactant gasses, is described. Substrates are mounted on oppositely disposed susceptors in a vertical chimney-type reactor. Means are provided to rotate the susceptors about an axis perpendicular to gas flow. Side-loading or top-loading mechanisms are provided for loading and unloading the susceptors through a gate valve. A diffuser below the reaction zone adjusts the gas flow into the reaction zone.

Abstract: Horizontal and vertical transistors, such as, HEMT/SDHT devices are described with opposed gates for preventing substrate leakage current along with the methods for making same. Also a process for making single gate angled V-HEMT devices is described.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for motion estimation in motion picture processing are disclosed in which an initial velocity vector is selected as an estimation of the displacement of a region from a location in a first frame to a corresponding location in a second frame and the velocity estimate is then refined by minimizing an average value of the squared directional gradient residual over the region. A continuous signal representation is obtained from a set of image intensity samples over the region of interest and, from tThe U.S. government has rights in this invention pursuant to NSF Grant No. DC1-8407285.

Abstract: A method of producing sheets of crystalline material is disclosed, as well as devices employing such sheets. In the method, a growth mask is formed upon a substrate and crystalline material is grown at areas of the substrate exposed through the mask and laterally over the surface of the mask to form a sheet of crystalline material. This sheet is optionally separated so that the substrate can be reused. The method has particular importance in forming sheets of crystalline semiconductor material for use in solid state devices.

Abstract: A high-strength steel having improved resistance to hydrogen embrittlement characterized as being essentially free of manganese and having a stable rare earth oxymetalloid dispersion consisting of, e.g., lanthanum oxysulfide and lanthanum phosphate. The steel prepared using rapid solidification processing coupled with late addition of the rare earth.

Abstract: High speed interpolation machine for interpolating values in the transformation from one space to another. One important application is in the transformation from a transmission space to a display space for digital color television reproduction. The machine includes storage schemes for lookup table contents which permit parallel access to needed transformation coefficients during one clock cycle. The architecture results in a machine which can compute interpolation points quickly enough for real time digital television processing and requires a relatively small number of electronic components. The present invention will compute the interpolation function with approximately one eighth the memory requirements of a comparable high speed implementation. In one embodiment, the number of multiples is reduced and in another implementation, all of the multiplications can be eliminated. The transformation coefficients are stored in separate interpolation tables permitting parallel access.

Abstract: Methods and devices for recording and projecting holographic stereograms are disclosed. In one aspect of the invention, a concave semi-cylindrical ("alcove") display system is disclosed in which an image is projected in front of the alcove. The display system provides a very wide angle of view approaching 180 degrees (compared to the 30 degrees of a typical flat hologram) that allows the viewer to look around most of the image content. This type of display is particularly useful in computer aided design projects where designers wish to present an overall three-dimensional display of their work. In another aspect of the invention, a holographic printer and procedures for recording a stereogram are disclosed as well as techniques for producing "predistorted" images for the sub-holograms. A digital processing technique is disclosed which effectively predistorts the source two-dimensional image set for the stereogram to compensate for the effects of the display geometry.