Abstract: The inventions disclosed herein are based on the identification of novel cell populations derived from human embryonic stem cells and other pluripotent cells. The inventive cell populations may be used for cell therapies for the treatment of various neurological diseases and as substrates in pharmacological assays.

Abstract: The invention features methods and compositions for the treatment and prevention of Parkinson's Disease.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for treating or preventing psychiatric and substance abuse disorders, involving administration of a therapeutically-effective amount of a cytosine-containing or cytidine-containing compound, creatine-containing compound, adenosine-containing, or adenosine-elevating compound to a mammal.

Abstract: The invention provides methods for the treatment of major depressive disorder in male subjects and methods for the treatment of psychiatric disorders at high altitudes by administering one or more creatine-containing compounds.

Abstract: In general, the invention provides methods and compositions for treating sequela of weight gain or pain insensitivity, e.g., in a subject suffering from a psychiatric disorder, such as schizophrenia. The combinations employed in the invention include a second generation antipsychotic agent and an opioid receptor antagonist.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for the prevention and treatment of diseases affecting mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons including, for example, Parkinson's disease. Suitable therapeutic agents for use in the methods described herein include, for example, agents that upregulate the expression En-1 and/or FoxA2 in target cells.

Abstract: The invention features methods and compositions for the treatment and prevention of Parkinson's Disease.

Abstract: The invention features methods and kits employing bromolysergide in therapies for the treatment of cluster headache disorders.

Abstract: In general, the present invention provides methods for treating disorders associated with the amygdala. The methods of treatment are based on the administration of a therapeutically effective amount of secretin to an individual suffering from a disorder associated with the amygdala, e.g., bipolar disorder or a substance use disorder.

Abstract: The invention features 2-alkoxy-11-hydroxyaporphine derivatives that selectively bind D2high receptors. The compounds are useful for imaging D2high receptors and for the treatment of diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, sexual dysfunction, and depressive disorders.

Abstract: The invention features salvinorin compositions that are selective for kappa opioid receptors; methods of treating mania by using a selective kappa receptor agonist; and methods of treating mood disorders, such as depressive disorders and manic disorders, using salvinorin compositions.

Abstract: The invention features methods and systems for the diagnosis of ADHD and related disorders. The methods and systems of the invention can also be used to ascertain how much benefit an individual would derive from a particular therapy.

Abstract: The present invention provides populations of neural cells derived from pluripotent cells, and methods for making and using the same. Disclosed herein are methods for generating dopaminergic neurons in vitro using a combination of agents that cause differentiation of the pluripotent cells into dopaminergic neurons. Also disclosed are methods for treating a neurodegenerative disease in a patient by generating dopaminergic neurons in vitro, and transplanting them into the brain of the patient, such that the dopaminergic neurons are sufficient to reduce or eliminate the symptoms of the neurodegenerative disease.

Abstract: Provided are methods for assessing the attentional state of a subject by scoring the subject's response to auditory stimuli. The methods can be used to diagnose psychological and behavioral disorders, such as attention deficit disorder or hyperkinetic disorder.

Abstract: The invention features derivatives of R(?)-2-methoxy-11-hydroxyaporphines and methods of treating Parkinson's disease and sexual dysfunction therewith.

Abstract: The invention features methods and kits employing bromolysergide in therapies for the treatment of cluster headache disorders.

Abstract: The invention involves enhancing brain function by stimulating the brain using magnetic fields. Applications of the new methods include improving the condition of individuals with cognitive disorders, such as depression, and studying the effects of neural stimulation using induced electric fields. These techniques can avoid deleterious effects of psychotropic pharmaceutical treatments, and provide a relatively safe, comfortable, inexpensive means of direct cranial stimulation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for producing neural cells from progenitor or stem cells by activating both the Wnt1-Lmx1a/Lmx1b and the SHH-FoxA2 signaling pathways by, for example, increasing the biological activity of one or more of Wnt1, Lmx1a, Lmx1b, Otx2 and Pitx3 and one or more of SHH, FoxA2 and Nurr1 in the progenitor or stem cells including embryonic stem cells and iPS cells. Such cells may be used for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. The invention further relates to methods for treating Parkinson's disease by increasing the biological activity of one or more of Wnt1, Lmx1b, Lmx1b, Otx2 and Pitx3 and one or more of SHH, FoxA2 and Nurr1 in the midbrain of a patient. In particular, the biological activity of the proteins can be increased by virtue of a cell penetrating peptide fused to the proteins or by transfecting RNAs encoding the proteins such that the host chromosomal DNAs remain intact.

Abstract: The invention features methods and systems for the diagnosis of ADHD and related disorders. The methods and systems of the invention can also be used to ascertain how much benefit an individual would derive from a particular therapy. One method of diagnosing ADHD or a related disorder in a subject comprising the steps of: (i) providing motor activity data having been collected by using a motion analysis device to record movements of said subject; (ii) analyzing said motor activity data to calculate a value for a measure of inhibitory control in said subject; and (iii) on the basis of said value, diagnosing said subject.

Abstract: The invention involves enhancing brain function by stimulating the brain using magnetic fields. Applications of the new methods include improving the condition of individuals with cognitive disorders, such as depression, and studying the effects of neural stimulation using induced electric fields. These techniques can avoid deleterious effects of psychotropic pharmaceutical treatments, and provide a relatively safe, comfortable, inexpensive means of direct cranial stimulation.